Avaliação técnica e econômica do corte de Pinus com harvester

• Autor(a) principal: Paula, Elizabeth Neire da Silva Oliveira de
• Data de Publicação: 2008
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/2976
• topic: Harvester; Pinus; Corte; Harvester; Pinus; Cutting; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::RECURSOS FLORESTAIS E ENGENHARIA FLORESTAL::MANEJO FLORESTAL

In the Brazilian forest sector, several companies use modern technologies at the production phases. Specially in the case of the planted forests, those technologies are used from the obtainment of the seedlings until the delivery of the wood in the industry yards. The harvest has a distinguishable position in composing the final cost of the wood. In some cases, the costs of the harvest and hauling are more than 50% total cost of the wood taken to industry. The rationalization of the operations can provide significant contribution to the reduction of the operational costs, as implicating the need for accomplishment of studies concerning to optimization of the activities. In this study, the automated cut of the Pinus caribaea hondurensis wood aged 28 years was evaluated under cut-to-length system with 2.5m bucking, by using the machine so-called harvester. The research was carried out in Ponte Nova county, State of Minas Gerais. It was based on both productivity and costs of the activity during its initial implantation stage, that is during 5-month period (from September 2006 to January 2007), as taking into account the multiple use of the wood. The spacing 2,5m x 2,0m (with three thinnings already accomplished) was used. The harvested wood has three different destinies according to the diameter classification distributed into three classes: wood for energy (FIREWOOD); wood for internal sawmill (LOG); and wood for sale (SALE). The 100% sampling was used. The characteristics of either stand (DAP, height, volume, tree numbers) and the cut operation (numbers of whole-trees felled a day, harvested volume, working hours, study of times and movements, and others) were studied. In the technical evaluation, the following variables were calculated: operational production, productivity, mechanical availability and operational efficiency. The operational cost and the production costs were calculated during the economical evaluation. The highest average productivity (22.71m³ h-1) was found for the month 5 (January 2007), when the second highest mechanical availability (95.9%) was reached. The highest operational efficiency (83.09%) was found over the month 3 (November 2006). In the study of the times and movements, the processing was the activity demanding more time (66% the total). The mechanical availability of the machine was affected by the service logistics concerning to pieces because the machine was recently acquired by the company and the satisfactory stock of pieces had not been formed when this evaluation was performed. The operational cost totalized R$ 115,03 per effective working hour for the period sampled. Taking into account the total costs, the fixed costs corresponded to 28.59%, whereas the variable ones corresponded to 62,31%. The cost of production was R$ 5,99/m³ wood produced. Thus, the productivity increases with the average volume by tree, therefore pointing out this machine has potential to improve its functioning, whereas the cost of production is within the expected patterns.