Modelagem do balanço hídrico em microbacia hidrográfica com plantio eucalipto

• Autor(a) principal: Facco, Alexandro Gomes
• Data de Publicação: 2008
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/1490
• topic: Eucalipto; Balanço hídrico; Hidrologia; Geoprocessamento; Eucalypt; Water balance; Hydrology; Geoprocessing; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::RECURSOS FLORESTAIS E ENGENHARIA FLORESTAL::SILVICULTURA

Every production tasks such as the raw material woods - growth using homogeneous reforestation and species that show quickly grow has caused environmental impact. The homogeneous reforestation, showing quick growth, has been considered in many studies because of its environmental impact and water consumption. This work s purpose is to improve the water balance model in order to use it in areas of eucalypt plantation, considering the topography influence on the water availability and the solar radiation influence on dynamic flows and their influence on water stock. Therefore, it was done a survey on the water balance components in an experimental micro basin in order to calibrate and evaluate the model and develop a geospatial computer system to estimate the soil water balance components for eucalypt culture in areas of wavy topography. The micro basin used in this hydrological study is located in the CENIBRA s planting area in the East side of Minas Gerais State. The land cover has been used for gallery forest and eucalypt culture planted in 2004. Many sensors were used for the survey about meteorological and hydrological conditions. The water course s outflow was monitored by the use of a triangular weir and automatic hydrological gauges. A digital terrain model hydrologically consistent with 4 meters spatial resolution was used as data set for the computer system. The soil s layers that contain the plant s roots which vary according to the plant s age had an every one hour water balance. The study shows that the topography has promoted the surface flow and less than 1% of the runoff volume came from the surface flow. The eucalypt culture shows as a very important outflow controller, promoting the water infiltration in the soil which helped the water stock and availability in the micro basin. The spatial model shows the influence of the different hillside s slopes and shapes on the plant s daily total transpiration. The water input from deep layers through useful soil layers is a component that should be considered for daily water balance studies. The plants cultivated in the North had a greater water stress than plants cultivated in the South of hillsides areas.