Unidades de conservação e áreas de preservação permanente: estudo de caso para a bacia do Rio São Francisco

• Autor(a) principal: Lana, Vanessa Mendes
• Data de Publicação: 2011
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3063
• topic: Geoprocessamento; Código florestal; Áreas protegidas; GIS; Forest Code; Protected areas; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::RECURSOS FLORESTAIS E ENGENHARIA FLORESTAL::MANEJO FLORESTAL

The basin of the Rio São Francisco, located between coordinates 46.67° - 45.09° W and 19.06° - 20.36° S, belongs to the catchment area of the hydroelectric dam of Três Marias - MG, which in turn is part of the great watershed of the São Francisco River. The choice of this area was carried out based on the ecological and hydrological importance it has for the entire basin of São Francisco and the conservation of remnant native vegetation in the Cerrado Mineiro. Thus, we developed this study with the primary purpose of providing information about the level of environmental protection and conservation, respectively, of permanent preservation areas (PPAs) and conservation units (CUs) of this sub-basin. We sought to determine whether the maintenance of the Brazilian Forest Code of 1965 as a centralized element of forest policy of the country, meets the objectives for which it was proposed. To this end, the methodology involved the generation of Hydrographically Conditioned Digital Elevation Models (HCDEMs) covered from base vectors of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (BIGS) for later automatic delimitation of PPAs in ArcGIS 9.3.1. After determination of PPAs, as outlined in the Brazilian Forest Code and Resolution 303 of CONAMA, the temporal analysis of images LANDSAT 5 TM provided information about the use of conflict land in the PPAs and the CUs that subbasin. The PPAs occupy 36% of the length of the studied region, especially the categories of ridge lines and riparian zones. One aspect of great importance to the environmental quality in PPAs was observed the formation of large tracts of natural habitat corridors throughout the sub-basin, considering the full observance of the Forest Code. However, since there was a notable decrease in native vegetation and increased human activities in the sub-basin, in general, the PPAs are for the most threatened. The CU was the most conserved was National Park of Serra Canastra, which showed about 80% of remaining native vegetation, showing a slight increase of human activities over the past 14 years. The State Park of Campos Altos showed widespread loss of native vegetation cover to human activities, which is inconsistent with the proposal in the National System of Conservation Units (NSCU) for CUs full protection. When these do not meet their goals, several negative impacts are generated mainly on the unique biodiversity of the Cerrado region contained in the basin of São Francisco. PPAs are important in the landscape in the formation of natural corridors throughout the watershed, linking together the fragments and their CUs. This aspect proves the robustness of the Brazilian Forest Code of 1965 in its original determinations.