Evapotranspiração e eficiência produtiva da videira Syrah no Submédio do vale do São Francisco

• Autor(a) principal: Pereira, Vágna da Costa
• Data de Publicação: 2014
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5281
• topic: Uva - Cultivo; Videira; Evapotranspiração; Razão de Bowen; Modelo de Penman-Monteith; Grape - Growing; Vine; Evapotranspiration; Bowen ratio; Penman-Monteith; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::AGROMETEOROLOGIA

The determination of water consumption by the grape vine becomes crucial to obtain satisfactory yields for the preparation of fine wines, reduction of production costs, and mainly for the sustainable management of regional water resources. Thus, this study aimed to examine the values of grape winemaking crop evapotranspiration, determined by two methods (energy balance based on the Bowen ratio (BERB) method and the Penman-Monteith model), and the crop efficiency of water use to the climatic conditions of SVSF. The experiment was conducted in a commercial area of Fazenda Ouro Verde (09°16'S, 40°51'W and 444 m) in the first half of 2010, located in the semiarid region of the municipality of Villa Nova, Bahia. The selected area of 9 hectares was planted with the grape vine (Vitis vinifera L.), variety "Syrah", grafted onto the rootstock IAC 766, with three years of planting and drip irrigated. Pruning production was held on March 8, 2010 and harvest on July 19, 2010, totaling a production cycle of 133 days. The results showed that, during the analysis of physical consistency of BERB method, 69.5 % of days evaluated were considered valid for determining the density of energy flows in daily scale. The net radiation and reflected radiation represented about 73 and 16% respectively of the incident solar radiation in the vineyard. Throughout the production cycle of the vine, the daily average values of the latent heat flux (LE) accounted for approximately 70% of net radiation (Rn), while 30% was used for heating of atmospheric air, represented by the flow sensible heat (H). However, no energy for heating the ground (G) for almost all phenological stages, except the final stage when the G/Rn ratio represented approximately 4%. Regarding the degree-days (GDA), 1.819 degrees were necessaries for the grapevine Syrah to complete its production cycle, corresponding to a total of 133 days for pruning in the first half of the year. The reference evapotranspiration (ETo) and crop evapotranspiration determined by the method BERB (ETcBERB) during the crop cycle were 474.0 and 376.4 mm, respectively, with a daily average of 3.9 and 3.1 mm. The maximum estimated by Penman-Monteith method ranged from 9.2 to 3.0 L d-1 m-2, respectively, with a total volume of 614.7 L m-2, about 204.9 mm. The ETcBERB/ETo ratio reached average values of 0.70, 0.85 and 0.66 for the phenological stages of sprouting-flowering, flowering, ripening and maturation to harvest. The average productivity of the vine "Syrah" to crafting fine wines was 4.400 kg ha-1, while the average productivity of water based on the total evapotranspiration and transpiration particular culture through BERB and Penman - Monteith method was 1.17 kg m-3 and 2.15 kg m-3, respectively.