Agroenergia na mitigação das mudanças climáticas globais, na segurança energética e na promoção social

• Autor(a) principal: Ribeiro, Rita da Mata
• Data de Publicação: 2009
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4517
• topic: Plantas oleaginosas; Biodiesel; Mudanças climáticas; Combustíveis; Oil crops; Biodiesel; Climate change; Fuels; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOTECNIA

Agroenergy has a strategic role in the mitigation of Greenhouse Effect Gases (GEG), in energy security and in social movements. Two equally important factors rekindle the world-wide interest for renewable energies sources, especially those originating from biomass: i) the current perspective of the depletion of non-renewable energy reserves and ii) the negative scenarios of global climatic changes (GCCs), caused by global warming. This last factor has a strong relation to burning fossil fuels, which accounts for 75 % of the GEG emissions, and with the current form of use and occupation of land, as reported by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Changes (IPCC). In this context, renewable energy alternatives are primary in confronting such challenges. The present work is sectioned into three chapters, each intimately connected. The first two were based on the exploratory research documentation. To do this parameters and information relative to the IPCC and its implications were used, especially on agriculture, and global agroenergy programs, such as the National Program of Production and Use of Biodiesel (PNPB). Biodiesel appears to be a promising alternative in the partial substitution of petro-derivatives and in the mitigation of GCCs, besides other advantages that qualify it in a favorable global scenario. The spread in the participation of biodiesel in a favorable world-wide energy matrix creates an opportunity to execute policies in the following areas: social (generation of jobs and income and the reduction of regional asymmetries), environmental (reduction of GEGs) and economical (import reductions of petrodiesel and exchange factor). Agrofuels represent an important instrument of development, especially for countries that signed the Kyoto Protocol agreement, in effect until 2012 and, in the future, the Copenhagen Protocol, which will be implemented after 2012. Among the producing countries, Brazil presents the greatest conditions to lead energy agriculture on a world-wide scale. The third chapter is based on a questionnaire answered by Biodiesel Production Factories (BPFs) in Brazil, after the introduction of the PNPB. The inquiry also was supported in secondary sources, such as books, maps and the web. The data of the National Agency of Oil, Natural gas and Biofuels (ANP) were used as parameters. The most used raw materials in the production of biodiesel in the country are soy (main), animal fat, and the cotton and castor seed, in this order, and with a great interest in the fisic nut. The methyl route is the most used, being adopted by 53 % of the BPFs in study. Within the premise of the PNPB, the Social Fuel Seal (SCS) is an important component to stimulate the introduction of the BPFs. The PNPB presents advancements like the insertion of biodiesel into the Brazilian energy matrix, generation of jobs, income and regional development, especially in the Northeast and in the semi-arid regions. However, there are still many challenges to be faced, like the subsidies and protectionism of the biodiesel production countries, especially the USA and EU.