Toxicidade do arsênio: Respostas bioquímicas, fisiológicas e estruturais em Landoltia punctata (G.Mey.) Les & D.J. (Lemnaceae)

• Autor(a) principal: Canatto, Regiane Aparecida
• Data de Publicação: 2013
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4338
• topic: Metais pesados; Fitorremediação; Arsênio; Heavy metals; Phytoremediation; Arsenic; CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::BOTANICA::FISIOLOGIA VEGETAL

Plants of Landoltia punctata (G.Mey.) Les & DJ (Lemnaceae) were exposed to increasing concentrations of arsenic (As) for 24 hours to evaluate the occurrence of biochemical, physiological and ultrastructural changes. The plants showed As concentrations greater than 1.0 mg g-1 DM and, therefore, can be considered hyperaccumulators of this element. The highest concentration of MDA occurred in the treatment with 3.0 mg L-1 of As. There was reduction in the anion concentration at the highest concentration of As, which may be caused by the increased activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD). The highest activity of SOD may have increased the levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in plants exposed to the highest As concentration. There was reduction in the activity of catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione in plants exposed to the highest As concentrations. The activity of glutathione reductase increased with the increase in As concentration. Concentration of anthocyanin was higher in plants exposed to As. Exposure of plants to As resulted in increased levels of total soluble thiols and protein thiols, which was not observed for non-protein thiols. Analysis by scanning electron microscopy showed structural root damage, especially in the root cap region. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometry (EDS) of outer layers of the root apex exposed to As showed increase in the relative content of As, decrease in sulfur and maintenance of phosphorus content. The results showed that exposure of L. punctata to As led to rapid absorption and accumulation of this metalloid by plants, with several direct or indirect damages caused by the increased concentration of reactive oxygen intermediates, which could not be reversed by the action of antioxidant enzymes.