Caracterização de cristais em ectomicorrizas de eucalipto, acúmulo de cálcio e produção de ácidos orgânicos pelo micélio

• Autor(a) principal: Pylro, Victor Satler
• Data de Publicação: 2010
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5328
• topic: Cristais de oxalato de cálcio; Eucalipto; Cálcio; Ácidos Orgânicos; Calcium oxalate crystals; Eucalypt; Calcium; Organic acids; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::CIENCIA DO SOLO::MICROBIOLOGIA E BIOQUIMICA DO SOLO

Ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with eucalypt roots may induce the storage of calcium in the form of calcium oxalate crystals in the root system of the host plant. Despite of the great demand for calcium by the plants of this genus and the low calcium availability in Brazilian soils, little is known about the calcium storage capacity and organic acids efflux displayed by ectomycorrhizal depending on the availability of this element. Thus, this study aimed to characterize calcium crystals in ectomycorrhizas of Eucalyptus sp., their distribution, morphology and chemical composition, and to assess the ability of ectomycorrhizal fungi to accumulate calcium and produce organic acids when grown under different concentrations of calcium in the growth medium. In ectomycorrhizas of Eucalyptus sp., the crystals were observed inside root cortical cells. Three different distribution patterns were observed and classified as regular, irregular or smooth. The scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive X-ray microprobe analysis allowed to classify the morphologies of the predominant crystals as granules and concretions, although other morphological types have also been highlighted. Calcium, oxygen and carbon are the major constituents of these crystals, which were characterized as calcium oxalate crystals. In general, ectomycorrhizal fungi exhibited a pattern of calcium accumulation in mycelium responding positively to the increase of the element concentration in the growth medium. However, the concentration of calcium in the medium does not seem to influence the production of fungal biomass. Under conditions of lower calcium concentration in the medium, the isolates had higher calcium utilization efficiency. The acetic/gluconic, butyric, oxalic and citric acids were detected in the growth medium of ectomycorrhizal isolates evaluated. The concentration of calcium in the medium influenced exudation of acids acetic/gluconic, butyric and oxalic by the isolate Pisolithus sp. PT06, which also showed the highest production of these compounds in comparison to others. This, may be related to lower accumulation of fungal biomass exhibited by this isolate. The concentration of butyric acid in the growth medium of isolate Pisolithus tinctorius PTFRA was higher when the concentration of calcium was smaller, similar to isolate Pisolithus sp. PT06. This is the first report about the detailed morphology and chemical constitution of predominant crystals in ectomycorrhizal of eucalypts. Moreover, the results corroborate the role of ectomycorrhizal fungi in calcium acquisition from soil and suggest that different isolates may have different capacities of cycling calcium, either by biomass accumulation or efflux of organic acids.