Estudo das populações de flebotomíneos transmissores de Leishmania no Panamá

• Autor(a) principal: Cumbrera, Anayansi Valderrama
• Data de Publicação: 2012
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/900
• topic: Ecologia; Genética de populações; Filogeografia; Ecology; Population genetics; Phylogeography; CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS

The sand flies are insects of the order Diptera (nematocera), family Psychodidae, subfamily Phlebotominae that are recognized as important disease vectors. They are known to be vectors of arbovirus belonging to the family Reoviridae, Bunyaviridae and Rhabdoviridae as well as vectors of bacteria of family Bartonellacea. However, sand flies gained more epidemiological relevance as vectors of the causative agents of leishmaniasis. In order to obtain updated information on the ecology and population genetics of sand fly vectors of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Panama, we collected sand flies samples from 43 sites in this country. These sites were chosen because of to the high incidence of human cases of cutaneous Leishmaniasis during the period 2006 to 2009. The collections of individuals were carried out using light traps placed around houses in locations classified as fragmented landscapes (low anthropogenic impact), rural (high anthropogenic impact) forests (no impact anthropogenic). Gathered data was assessed in order to analyze the composition, geographic distribution, diversity and abundance of sand fly species and also to associate each species to a particular type of studied landscape. Lutzomyia panamensis, Lu. gomezi and Lu. trapidoi showed a wider distribution and the highest abundances. Other vector species such as Lu. ylephiletor, Lu. sanguinaria, Lu. carrerai, Lu. ovallesi, Lu. olmeca bicolor showed low geographic distribution. The diversity of vector species was higher in rural environments and only Lu. gomezi and Lu. trapidoi were associated to fragmented environment. Surprisingly, we found Lu. longipalpis vector of leishmaniasis visceral in peridomestic habitats of an endemic region of cutaneous leishmaniasis. The genetic variability of Lu. gomezi and Lu. longipalpis populations were assessed by cytochrome B/NADH1and elongation factor !-1 gene sequence. Lu. gomezi showed a high diversity of haplotype, low genetic differentiation and geographical structuring, suggesting the migration capability and adaptability of this specie to environmental changes. On the other hand, Lu. longipalpis populations were genetically different and presented geographical structuration suggesting that dispersion and/or vicariance might have contributed to the differentiation of its populations in Panama. The knowledge and information generated in this study may contribute to the prevention and control of leishmaniasis disease in areas at risk of infection as well as the development of entomological and surveillance programs that support this initiative.