Influência dos modos de variabilidade oceânica no clima da América do Sul durante o holoceno médio

• Autor(a) principal: Rodrigues, Jackson Martins
• Data de Publicação: 2011
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5245
• topic: Climatologia; Hidroclimatologia; Modelagem; Climatology; Hydroclimatology; Modeling; CNPQ::CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::GEOCIENCIAS::METEOROLOGIA::CLIMATOLOGIA

Changes in weather patterns are the planet's natural phenomena, alternating between periods of glacial and interglacial oscillations, which are associated with abnormalities of sea surface temperatures (SST) unleash strong climate variability. Thus, this work sought to understand how the climate of South America responds according to the amendment of the orbital parameters (Milankovitch cycles) and concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHG), as well as the influences that the modules of variability as ENOS and Atlantic Dipole exert on the distribution of climatic variables (temperature, relative humidity, precipitation) for the period known as the Middle Holocene (HM-6000 years before present). Having as base the model coupled Ocean-Atmosphere CCSM (Community Climate System Model) developed by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). The results were compared to reconstructions made by dating, and the influences of ENOS and Atlantic Dipole were assessed by statistical technique Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOF). The model showed that the temperatures in South America were smaller than today, except to the South between the pampas and Andes Chileans during the summer. The North of the continent was more humid throughout the year, while the Southeast was dry. The results are in line with the reconstructions undertaken through dating. The precipitation fields showed a seasonal variation on the Northeast and North of the continent while throughout the year in the central regions, East and South the precipitation was lower. The contrast in temperature also was noted for the Northeast region with rising temperatures during summer and fall during the winter, the rest of the continent remained current with same conditions only weakening of temperatures and a dipole between North and South of the continent. By analysis of EOFO, noticed that the El Nino during the HM was less intense representing 52.34% of the variance of the data in the summer and winter (36.8% in summer observed 73.45%; 53.57% observed winter; summer simulated 53.64%; Simulated winter 53.5%). The dominant mode in the equatorial Atlantic was responsible for 29.56% of the variance of the data in the summer and winter (27.41% in summer observed 33.23%; winter observed 29.02%; simulated summer 32.48%; Simulated winter 27.41%). Already the dominant mode of the South Atlantic for the HM accounted for 17.3% of the variance of the data for the summer and 13.4% for winter (summer observed 16.6%; winter observed 14.9%; simulated summer 19.59%; simulated winter 15.67%). This way one can conclude that the model of CCSM is a good tool for assessing the climate succession of South America, as its results are according to the reconstructions for dating.