Variações em procedimentos laboratoriais para avaliação dos teores de fibra insolúvel em detergente neutro e de extrato etéreo em alimentos e fezes de ruminantes

• Autor(a) principal: Barbosa, Marcília Medrado
• Data de Publicação: 2013
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5805
• topic: Amilase; Análise de alimentos; Fibra em detergente neutro; Amylase; Analysis of food; Neutral detergent fiber; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ZOOTECNIA::NUTRICAO E ALIMENTACAO ANIMAL::AVALIACAO DE ALIMENTOS PARA ANIMAIS

This thesis consists of two different scientific articles. The first one aimed to compare the estimates of the neutral detergent fiber content (NDF) obtained by the official method of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC, method 2002.04) and by modified methods based on the use of pressurized environments or by direct using of industrial thermo stable &#945;-amylase in forage, concentrate feed and ruminant feces samples. The modified methods were: application of AOAC method 2002.04 replacing the refluxing equipment by an autoclave or the Ankom220® fiber analyzer with F57 filter bags, and application of AOAC method 2002.04 replacing the standardized procedures and using &#945;- amylase solution by single addition of 250 &#956;L of a industrial Termamyl 2X solution prior to heating the solution of neutral detergent. Thirty nine ruminants feces samples, 37 forage samples and 30 samples of concentrates were evaluated. The values obtained for each modified method were compared to the values obtained by the AOAC 2002.04 method through the adjustment of a simple linear regression equation. Considering only forage and fecal samples, variations methods based on the use of autoclave and the modified use of &#945;- amylase provided similar values (P>0.05) to those obtained with the AOAC method 2002.04. Overestimated NDF contents (P<0.01) were obtained with the use of Ankom220® analyzer. For concentrate samples, using modified methods based on the use of autoclave or Ankom220® fiber analyzer produced positive systematic errors (P<0.01) of +23.4 and +96.7 g/kg of dry matter, respectively. The method based on industrial &#945;-amylase incurred in constant bias and recovering bias on NDF contents in samples of concentrate (P<0.01) despite of the similarity with the values obtained using the AOAC method 2002.04. In the second paper it was objectified to compare the estimates of ether extract (EE) contents obtained by the Randall method and by the method of high temperature recommended by the American Oil Chemist's Society (AOCS, Method Am 5-04). Four experiments were accomplished using forage samples (n = 20) and ruminants feces (n = 15). In the first experiment it was quantified the EE content in all samples using a combination between Randall extraction method or AOCS with high temperature, and filter bags XT4 or containers of qualitative paper (80 g/m2). In the second experiment, it was evaluated the loss of particles by considering the two previously described containers. In the third experiment, it was evaluated the residual concentration of chlorophyll in the remaining material after extraction considering the combinations of container and methods used in the first experiment. The fourth experiment was carried out to evaluate the recovery of protein and minerals in the material submitted to extraction by both methods. In all experiments, the petroleum ether was used as extractor. None effect of the containers (P>0.05) was observed in any experiment. A significant interaction (P<0.01) between extraction method and material was observed on the EE contents. For all materials, greater EE contents (P<0.01) were obtained woth AOCS method. Despite this, the difference between methods was most prominent when considering forage samples. No loss of particles was observed (P>0.05) using the different containers. The chlorophyll content in the residual material was not affected by extraction method in fecal samples (P>0.05), but it was lower using the AOCS method (P<0.05) in forage samples. Complete recovery of protein and minerals was observed (P>0.05) in the material after ether extraction. The results indicate that the AOCS method produces greater estimates of EE contents, possibly by providing greater extraction of non-fatty material.