Formulação de condicionador de solo para uso em covas de plantio de café, visando ao controle de Meloidogyne exigua

• Autor(a) principal: Ferreira, Paulo Afonso
• Data de Publicação: 2008
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4366
• topic: Café; Meloidogyne exigua; Nematóide-das-galhas; Solos; Condicionador; Pragas agrícolas; Coffee; Meloidogyne exigua; Soil conditioner; Agricultural pests; Nematodes; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOSSANIDADE::FITOPATOLOGIA

Meloidogyne exigua causes big damages to the Brazilian coffee culture, mainly in newly planted Arabica coffee cultures, because it is widely disseminated in the main producing regions. Besides the damage caused by M. exigua, the significance of this pathogen is justified by the difficulty and the high costs involved in its control. The indiscriminate use of nematocide, can put in risk the health of the aplicators, the health of the consumers and it can contaminate the environment, moreover it can charge the cost of production. Therefore, alternative methods for controlling the management of nematodes are more and more desirable, because of this the use of nematophagus fungus combined to the incorporation of organic matter has been highlighted. The aims of the present work were to study the interaction between Pochonia chlamydosporia and Trichoderma sp.; to evaluate the effect of P. chlamydosporia and Trichoderma sp. on M. exigua; to verify the effect of formulated conditioners on the planting of coffee culture in soils infected with M. exigua, in trials in greenhouses and to evaluate the feasibility in storing the conditioner. The isolates Pc-10 from P. chlamydosporia and T-1 from Trichoderma sp. were submitted to tests of direct confrotation, antibiosis, production of volatile metabolites and interaction between hyphas in order to evaluate the compatibility among them. There was no incompatibility between P. chlamydosporia and Trichoderma sp. in the direct confrontation test, antibiosis and interaction between hyphas. In the volatile metabolite test, the mycelial growing of . P. chlamydosporia was reduced in the presence of Trichoderma sp. When the isolates of P. chlamydosporia and Trichoderma sp. were evaluated there was no reduction of population of M. exigua in greenhouse when they were separately aplied in the soil or grouped in colonized substratos. The P. chlamydosporia and Trichoderma sp. isolates were added to organic matter and inorganic fertilizers in order to formulate a soil conditioner to its application in planting holes. The application of soil conditioner in clay soil promoted a better development of the coffee seedlings influencing in the number of leaves, diameter of the canopy, height and the aerial section dry matter weight. However, it didn t influence the development of coffee seedlings growing in sandy soil. The soil conditioner reduced the reproduction of M. exigua in those soils. Its application tended to improve the chemical characteristics of the clay and sandy soils, improving the levels of nutrients in the aerial section of coffee plants growing in those soils. Because it was aimed to evaluate the effect of storing condition of the soil conditioner in the feasibility of fungical isolated, the product was conditioned in transparent and dark polyethylene sacs, paper bags and sackcloths. The storing of soil conditioner in transparent and dark polyethylene sacs kept the population of Trichoderma sp. viable for 90 days in higher levels than when it was formulated, but the population of P. chlamydosporia fell dramatically in all packages until the day 15, remaining viable in low levels. The soil conditioner was shown as a viable alternative in the control of M. exigua in the coffee planting.