Caracterização morfoagronômica, culinária e de raízes de genótipos do banco de germoplasma de feijão da UFV

• Autor(a) principal: Lima, Marilene Santos de
• Data de Publicação: 2010
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/1143
• topic: Phaseolus vulgaris; Diversidade genética; Arquitetura de raiz; Qualidade tecnológica; Phaseolus vulgaris; Genetic diversity; Root architecture; Technological quality; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOTECNIA

Germplasm characterization is important for direct the using genetic resources in breeding programs. The objective of this works was to characterize genetic variability of 100 genotypes from the Bean Germplasm Bank of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa as to the morphological and agronomic descriptors. For characterization of the aerial section of the plant, an experiment was carried out in Coimbra-MG, in a triple lattice square design and plots composed of two 2-m lines. Twenty-two morphoagronomical descriptors: 18 qualitative and four quantitative, were using. Data were submitted to genetic divergence analysis using multivariate analyses, through main component and clustering method of Tocher. In the characterization of technological quality of grains, it was used a random block design with three replicates for capacity of hydration and percentage of hard-shell and two for cooking time. Hydration capacity was determined each two hours, over 16 hours. For analysis effect this trait a split-plot design was used, with soaking time being considered the split-plot. The morphological characterization of young radical system was carried out in laboratory and greenhouse in a random block design with four repetitions. There was a significant effect (P < 0.01) from the genotypes on days from planting to flowering, plant architecture, productivity and mass of 1,000 grains. The analyses of genetic divergence, enabled to assemble the genotypes in eight groups of genetic similarity and to identify brightness of seed as the minor importance in discrimination of genotypes. For technological quality of grains, it was observed a significant effect (P < 0.01) of the genotypes on all variables. Correlation maximal among hydration capacity and cooking time was negative and of high magnitude. The correlation among cooking time and hard-shell grain percentage, was also of high magnitude but positive. Significant effect (P < 0.01) of genotypes was also observed for all morphological root traits: number of whorls, basal roots, quantity of root hair, angle of basal roots, notes of root architecture, dry root mass and total length root. It is concluded that there genetic variability among genotypes regarding to morphological and agronomical traits related to aerial section and plant root system and to technological quality of grains; the similarity of genotypes is related to classification according to commercial group and origin (gene pool); both the capacity of hydration as the hard-shell grain percentage can be used as indirect method to assess the time of cooking of grains of beans; mesoamerican genotypes from the Bean Active Germplasm Bank of the UFV show great variability of root system characteristics; the evaluation of the architecture of basal roots of bean can be done visually by diagrammatic.