Rações farelada, peletizada e extrusada na alimentação e produção de vacas leiteiras

• Autor(a) principal: Wernersbach Filho, Humberto Luiz
• Data de Publicação: 2003
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5852
• topic: Extrusão; Peletizada; Desempenho; Extruded meal concentrates; Pelleted; Performance; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ZOOTECNIA::NUTRICAO E ALIMENTACAO ANIMAL

This work was carried out at the dairy cows Teaching, Research and extension unit at the Department of Animal Science of the Federal University of Viçosa with the objective of evaluating: the intake and apparent digestibility of nutrients, milk production and composition, ruminal pH and ammonia, ruminal degradability of dry matter and crude protein, urea concentration in the plasma in cows fed ration processed by different methods. Sixteen dairy holstein cows, purebreds and crossbred, in two milk production levels: 30.0 kg/day and 20.0 kg/day, were distributed equitatively in two latin squares balanced for each production level. The experiment was constituted of four periods with duration of 15 days each. The experimental diets were isoproteic, based on corn silage with forage: concentrate ratio of 50:50 to the level of 30.0 kg/day and 60:40 to the level of 20.0 Kg/day, in dry matter basis. The treatments were constituted of four concentrate rations: meal form (MR), pelleted (PR) and extruded (ER), with 27% and 84% of crude protein (CP) and total digestible nutrients(TDN), respectively and high energy ration with part of extruded elements (HER), with 27% and 86% of crude protein and TDN, respectively. The animals were housed in individual stalls like Tie Stall and fed ad libitum. The excretion of fecal dry matter was estimated by indigestible acid detergent fiber (ADFi). Rumen fluid was collected by esophagian tube. The urine collection was made by spot test . Blood was collected four hours after the morning feeding, being used heparin as anticoagulant. The in situ degradability was estimated with nylon pockets inside the animal rumen. The dry matter (DM) intake was not different among the experimental diets. Digestibility of the DM there was no difference, but the digestibility of the neutral detergent fiber (44,35%) was lower (P<0,05) to ER (extruded) and digestibility of the crude protein was lower (P<0,05) to ER (72,36%), compare to the MR meal). The milk production was larger (P<0,05) for the extruded diet (ER) (29.0 kg/day), in higher level production, however, in lower level there was no difference. The milk composition was not different among the diet to higher level production. Inside each time (before and three hours after the morning feeding) there was no difference in the pH values and amoniacal nitrogen compounds (N-NH3) among the experimental diets. There was no difference in ruminal N-NH3 concentration on time 0, however, at three hours after feeding, ER presented lower (P<0,05) ruminal N-NH3 concentration. The ruminal degradability of crude protein and DM were higher to PR and especiallly in ER. There was no difference in the concentration of plasmatic urea and fractional urine excretions.