Consórcio capim-braquiária com milho ou soja: Produção e composição químico-bromatológica das silagens

• Autor(a) principal: Leonel, Fernando de Paula
• Data de Publicação: 2007
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/1897
• topic: Pastagem; Degradação; Cultivo consorciado; Milho; Soja; Plantas forrageiras; Agropecuária; Pastures; Degradation; Intercropping; Corn; Soybean; Forage plants; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ZOOTECNIA::NUTRICAO E ALIMENTACAO ANIMAL

Four experiments were done with signal grass intercropped with annual crops: three with corn and one with soybean. In the first experiment signal grass was cultivated with corn aiming grain production and it was evaluated nutritional characteristic alterations, production, leaf/stem relation, signal grass height and corn productivity in relation to culture arrangements: two lines of signal grass in the inter-lines of corn, one line of signal grass in the same line of the corn, one line of signal grass in the inter-lines of corn and exclusive signal grass culture. The evaluations were done at 128, 141, 174 and 199 days after sowing. The nutritional variables were: crude protein (CP), digestible crude protein (CPD), neutral detergent insoluble protein (NDICP), neutral detergent soluble fiber (NDF), lignin (LIG), non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) in dry matter DM). Productivity variables evaluate were production of DM, CP and TDN by hectare. The Leaf presented the higher concentrations of CP, lower of NDF and LIG than stem fractions in each treatment. The intercrop do not affected the NFC or TDN in DM of signal grass, but there was a significant effect of culture age. The signal grass exclusive culture resulted in higher productivity of CPD and TDN. Corn production was not affected. In the other three experiments the material was produced to silage. In the second experiment the soy-bean intercrop aimed to produce the silage at the point when the milk line is at the median portion of corn grain. It was evaluated the production of DM, CP and TDN and the dry matter concentration of CP, TDN, NDF, LIG, NFC, butyric and lactic acids and ammonic nitrogen in relation to total nitrogen (NH3/NT) and hydrogenionic potential (pH) in relation to different planning arrangements: corn exclusive plantation, signal grass exclusive plantation, two lines of signal grass in the inter-lines of corn, hand-throwing seeds of signal grass at the inter-lines of corn. The exclusive plantation of signal grass presented the better results for concentrations of CP, TDN, NDF, LIG, NH3/NT, and butyric and lactic acids, pH and productivity of DM, CP and TDN. In the third experiment the silage of the signal grass intercropped with corn was made at different culture ages (100, 120, 140 and 160 days after sowing). It was evaluated the production of DM, CP and TDN and the concentrations of CP, TDN, NDF, LIG, NFC, NH3/NT, Butyric and lactic acid in DM and pH. Independent of culture age, the simultaneous culture of corn with two lines of signal grass resulted in larger production of TDN with silage with higher concentration of TDN and lactic acid in DM, lower of NDF, LIG, pH, NH3/NT and butyric acid in relation to exclusive culture of signal grass. In the forth experiment, it was studied the intercrop between signal grass and soybean for silage purposes. It was evaluated the production of DM, CP and TDN and the concentration of CP, TDN, NDF, LIG, NFC, NH3/NT, butyric and latic acid in DM and pH of the silage produced from: signal grass exclusive culture; signal grass intercropped with soybean and exclusive culture of soybean in different physiological stages (R6 e R7). The production of DM was higher for the signal grass exclusive culture. However, the concentration of DM in the silage of this treatment was low. Independent of the stage, soybean exclusive culture presented the higher concentration of CP, NFC, LIG, TDN and higher production of CP, followed by intercropped signal grass and signal grass in exclusive culture. The exclusive culture of soybean and in intercropped signal grass the production of TDN increase from R6 to R7 and decrease in comparison to signal grass exclusive culture. The values of pH and butyric acid was high to all treatments and the lactic acid presented low values. Also in all treatments the NH3/NT was higher in the R6 compared to R7.