Modelagem do escoamento superficial e perda de solo na bacia do ribeirão São Bartolomeu, Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais, utilizando o simulador SWAT

• Autor(a) principal: Lelis, Thatiana Aparecida
• Data de Publicação: 2011
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/825
• topic: Perda de solo; Escoamento superficial; SWAT; Soil loss; Runoff; SWAT; CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA CIVIL::GEOTECNICA

The quantitative evaluation of water and soil losses by erosion is essential for the efficient environmental management of natural resources at watershed scale. Estimates of these data have been carried out worldwide, using empirical or conceptual models, making it possible to obtain information about an area quickly and inexpensively. Besides an economic scenario development, environmental models, coupled with geographic information systems, contributes to locate critical areas, providing indications for emergency operations to contain or control erosion at an advanced stage, and the simulation of future scenarios. Among these models, stands out SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool), the model used in this research. It have been used and tested in different parts of the world, with satisfactory results to predict the impact of changes in land use, soil type and management. This study was performed in the São Bartolomeu Stream Watershed, in Brazil, where 10 plots were installed to monitor the surface runoff and soil losses under natural rainfall conditions. This area suffers from the absence of quantitative studies and comparisons of this kind in the region. Even in Brazil, the number of searches on this subject is small. The Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient was used to evaluate the model performance. The values of 0.953 obtained for sediment yield and 0.999 obtained for runoff represent well-calibrated models. From the calibrated and validated proceeded to the analysis of watershed discretization, which concluded that for the study area, greater or lesser subdivision does not influence the results simulated by the model. Additionally scenarios were simulated use and future climate changes, based on IPCC s forecasts. All scenarios showed great sensitivity to changes in the watershed. Thus, the satisfactory implementation of the SWAT enables a management plan for the area, minimizing the current and future impacts.