Influência do nitrogênio e de regulador de crescimento na qualidade fisiológica de sementes de trigo

• Autor(a) principal: Souza, Leandro Torres de
• Data de Publicação: 2007
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4660
• topic: Triticum aestivum; Trinexapac-etil; Germinação; Vigor; Triticum aestivum; Trinexapac-ethyl; Germination; Vigour; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOTECNIA

The objective of this research was to study the nitrogen fertilization effect and the growth regulator trinexapac-ethyl on the physiological quality of wheat seeds (Triticum aestivum L.). The study was carried out in the Experimental Station Diogo Alves de Mello, which belong the Universidade Federal de Viçosa, located in Minas Gerais state (20º45' S and 42º51' W and altitude of 650 meters), in 2005 and 2006. Two experiments were carried out in a randomized block design, with four repetitions. In the first one, two wheat cultivars (BRS 210 and UFVT 1 Pioneiro) were submitted to two forms of nitrogen application: total dose applied at sowing or 20 kg ha-1 at sowing and the remaining as topdressing in the beginning of the tillering, and five nitrogen doses (40, 60, 80, 100, 120 kg ha-1), constituting a factorial 2X2X5. Cultivar BRS 210 had better performance than cultivar Pioneiro for the traits crude protein content, germination and vigor. N parceling gave higher protein content for cultivar BRS 210 and larger percentage of normal seedlings for both cultivars only at the dose of 120 kg ha-1. The increase in nitrogen doses resulted in linear increase of crude protein content and linear reduction in the percentage of normal seedlings. Seeds of cultivar BRS 210 showed better physiological quality than seeds of cultivar Pioneiro; the increase in N doses reduced the physiological quality of seeds. The second experiment was carried out as a factorial 5X4, constituted by the combination of five nitrogen doses (30, 60, 90, 120, 150 kg ha-1) with four doses of growth regulator trinexapac- ethyl (0, 62.5, 125, 187.5 g ha-1). The increase in nitrogen and trinexapac- ethyl doses caused linear increase in crude protein content of seeds. Growing doses of the regulator caused linear increase in the number of normal seedlings at the first count and at the final count of the germination test. The accelerated aging test showed linear increase in normal seedlings at the doses 125 and 187.5 g ha-1 of trinexapac- ethyl and at 150 kg ha -1 of nitrogen. The emergence test in the field showed a linear increase in plants that emerged at the doses 125 and 187.5 g ha-1 of trinexapac- ethyl and 120 and 150 kg ha-1 of nitrogen. Nitrogen doses above 90 kg ha-1 reduced seed quality in the electrical conductivity test. Growth regulator application allows the use of high nitrogen doses without damaging the quality of seeds.