Análises biométricas e moleculares para o melhoramento dos teores de óleo e proteína da soja e mapeamento genético do feijoeiro comum

• Autor(a) principal: Rodrigues, Josiane Isabela da Silva
• Data de Publicação: 2012
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/1349
• topic: Teores de óleo e proteína; Marcadores moleculares; Mapa genético; Oil and protein contents; Molecular markers; Genetic map; CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::GENETICA

The objectives of this work were: i) identify more stable and divergent genotypes aiming to improve oil and protein content, ii) determine the relationship between diversity and genetic variance estimates, and iii) selecting microsatellite markers associated with oil and protein content in order to implement marker assisted selection in the breeding program. For that, 49 soybean genotypes were cultivated in Viçosa, MG (12/2009), Rio Branco, MG (02/2010) and São Gotardo, MG (02/2010, 10/2011) using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Their oil and protein contents were determined by infrared spectroscopy. Statistical analysis of phenotypic data demonstrated that the effects of genotype, environment and genotype x environment interaction were significant for both traits (P<0.01). The genotype x environment interaction was predominantly complex. The cultivars Suprema, CD01RR8384 and A7002 for oil content and BARC-8, BR8014887 and CS3032PTA276-3-4 for protein content had higher means, adaptability and greater stability with environment variation. To evaluate the genetic diversity and its relationship with the genetic variance, two groups of genotypes with a large variation for the traits were genotyped with microsatellite markers located close to QTL for oil and protein content. Higher genetic distances were seen between PIs and cultivars and the most divergent genotypes were PI181544 and PI417360 in group I and II, which however showed normal oil and protein content. In the groups the cultivars Suprema for oil content and BARC-8 for protein content showed high diversity to most genotypes and high phenotypic means. A direct relationship was seen in estimates of diversity and genetic variance (0.73), indicating the predictive power of molecular markers for the selection of more contrasting parents. In the same groups was evaluated the association of microsatellite markers with oil and protein contents variation by analysis of variance (P<0.05). The analysis of microsatellite markers located on regions where the traits have previously been mapped, in other genetic backgrounds, allowed the selection of three molecular markers associated with the traits under different environmental conditions. The SSR Satt239, Satt384 and Satt562 were significantly associated with both traits in all environments, markers which may be effective for marker-assisted selection in that genetic background. Another proposed objective of this work was to obtain a genetic map for common bean that will be useful for developing a new reference genetic map for the specie. For that, 281 microsatellites markers (SSR) were amplified with DNA samples of 92 F5 progenies derived from the cross Red Hawk x Stampede and 270 showed to be linked. By Illumina Infinium analysis, a total of 7181 SNP markers were polymorphic in F5 progenies and 6502 were mapped on 11 linkage groups (GL). Eleven LG were mapped with 6772 markers, 6502 SNP and 270 SSR, covering 1146.51 cM. The mean distance between molecular markers on this map was 1.32 cM.