Percepção Ambiental, uso da terra e processos erosivos em um assentamento de Reforma Agrária

• Autor(a) principal: Deliberali, Daniely de Cassia
• Data de Publicação: 2013
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5520
• topic: Percepção ambiental; Erosão do solo; Assentamento; Environmental perception; Soil erosion; Settlement; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::CIENCIA DO SOLO

Many agrarian reform settlement are installed in areas with fragile or degraded soils and environment. The Settlement Olga Benário, located in the town of Visconde do Rio Branco, Minas Gerais, presents many points with the occurrence of erosion. These are the result of soil degradation by the practice of monoculture of sugar cane, for about 50 years, and extensive cattle for five years before its incorporation into the agrarian reform. Moreover, the dominant soil in place, Ultisol, is susceptible to erosion. Farmers are affected by erosion with the loss of arable land and animals, which can affect their food security and generate losses. Accordingly, the aim of this work was through participatory methodologies to assess the erosion in an area of the settlement Olga Benário and rescue experiences and knowledge of farmers to collectively raise awareness, awakening and build strategies for conservation, sustainable use and management of land in the settlement. For this, the work was divided into two stages. At first, using participatory methodologies, visits were made to 26 families of the settlement Olga Benário, using the participatory methodology and dialogical meetings sharing and devolution of observations. Specifically , this study aimed to identify and analyze the perception that the settlers have on i) soil as a component of the environment , ii) the quality of their soils ; iii) indicators of soil quality and iv) management techniques for soil they adopted . Through this methodology, it was possible to promote collective reflection on proper use and handling of the soil in the settlement. Farmers recognize the soil as demonstrated important environmental component that must be maintained. Farmers have used indicators to estimate soil quality, such as agricultural production and erosion, and have adopted increasingly, conservation management techniques such as tillage and division of pasture. In the second stage of labor was assessed in a participatory way, the evolution of two gullies and in the ravine where the gullies are inserted, it was evaluated the physical and chemical properties and erosion processes occurring with different land uses. The area in question began to go into the regeneration process five years ago, with the enclosure in the area of the gully to prevent the entry of animals, and the seedling planting and building fences inside of the gully. Currently, land uses in the area are made with native vegetation in an area undergoing regeneration, and pastures with different levels of degradation in other areas. The soils of the study areas are further degraded by the activities previously carried out, which led to the loss of the horizon and the B horizon, and the few differences in physical quality suggest that the regeneration time was not enough to get it back significantly . However, the area in regeneration showed the smallest loss of soil and water and the highest levels of sum of bases, pH and organic carbon, and indicates that the conservation tillage systems are gradually improving soil quality. The pasture area with exposed soil , instead, showed the worst quality of soil and the greatest loss of soil and water when compared with the others. The gully increased only in some points and to a lesser extent than in previous years. The conservation management in the area has the potential to recover it, but, however, not concern for pasture degradation can compromise it further.