Sistemas agroflorestais com café: fixação e neutralização de carbono e outros serviços ecossistêmicos

• Autor(a) principal: Oliveira, Ana Carolina Campanha de
• Data de Publicação: 2013
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/2010
• topic: Agroecologia; Sustentabillidade; Agroecossistemas; Fitossociologia; Mudanças climáticas; Agroecology; Sustainability; Agroecosystems; Phytosociology; Climate change; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::CIENCIA DO SOLO

The agroecological systems emerge as appropriate to promote sustainability and strengthening of family farming. Among the agroecological practices with the potential to promote sustainability from an array of socio-economic, environmental and ethical aspects stand out Agroforestry Systems (AFS). In the Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais, agroforestry systems have been highlighted as an alternative to enhance chronic problems related to loss of soil quality, food security and diversification of production. These problems occurred mainly as a result of the adoption, from the '70s, of government policies that encouraged technology based on "green revolution". In the municipality of Araponga located in the Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais, agroforestry systems with coffee were deployed in a process of participatory research nearly 20 years ago as an alternative to reverse the degradation observed in agroecosystems. In this sense, the present study aimed to further research related to the design and function of the species found in agroforestry systems with coffee (Coffea arabica) as well as the potential carbon stock of these agroecosystems, in order to consolidate them as promoters of ecosystem services that contribute both to the structural and functional recovery of the Atlantic Forest, and for mitigating the effects of climate change and the strengthening of family farming. For this, the dissertation is structured in four chapters. The chapter 1 dealt with the general introduction. In chapter 2 we sought to characterize the agroforestry systems with agroecological coffee in Zona da Mata, in relation to their designs and to understand how these designs favor the provision of ecosystem services. This characterization involved phytosociological analysis on the density and diversity of species and spatial distribution and diameter of the trees as well as the analyzes of the different species in the systems and the main goals of the agroforestry systems. In chapter 3 we assessed the agoforestry systems with coffee from its ability to store carbon. In this sense we calculated the carbon stock of aboveground biomass of trees and shrubs in agroforestry systems with coffee from the use of different methodologies in order to find a more reliable average value for each component assessed. In Chapter 4 we presented the closing remarks. Four agroforestry systems with coffee in the municipality of Araponga were assessed. Each of these systems had different goals and tree species. Among the main goals of the AFS stood out conservation and soil restoration, diversification of production (including in addition of coffee production, the production of food and wood for use within the property) and the formation of a windbreak for farming. The AFS in general showed a spatial distribution trees aggregated and have an average of 180 trees per hectare. It was found on average 20 species per AFS, distributed in 15 botanical families. The floristic diversity evaluated in these systems has been high, with Shannon Weaver index (H ') of 3.36 and evenness (J) of 0.81. The analysis of the diameter structure of the AFS showed that 61% of the individual trees present are distributed in smaller diameter classes, ranging from 4.5 to 19.5 cm DBH. The main uses of the tree species of agroforestry systems involve the use of firewood and constructions, production of food and home remedies, both for man and for animals, and attracting wildlife, with emphasis on the use of honey species. When calculating the carbon stock in arboreal and shrub components of the AFS, it was found on average 18.60 tons of carbon per hectare in tree biomass, 6.80 tons of carbon per hectare in coffee biomass and 0.1 tons of carbon per hectare in banana biomass, totaling a carbon stock calculated for the above-ground biomass of 25.55 tons of carbon per hectare. It can be concluded that the AFS besides offering diversified production provide many other ecosystem services covering both provision service, such as support services, regulatory and cultural. Furthermore, it was found that AFS with coffee present a divesity of species , comparable to natural forest areas. Considering the carbon, the incorporation of trees or shrubs in agroforestry systems can provide a stock similar to areas with natural vegetation and increase considerably the carbon stock compared to the single coffee or pasture, contributing to minimize the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.