Estudos de caracterização e desconstrução de biomassas de eucalipto e capim elefante para aplicações em biorrefinarias integradas à indústria de celulose

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Gomes, Fernando José Borges
Data de Publicação: 2013
Tipo de documento: Tese
Idioma: por
Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/595
Resumo: The great challenge of modern civilization is becoming a sustainable society based on rational utilization of natural resources. In this scenery, the biorefinery concept came up, which refers to the conversion of lignocellulosic materials into bioproducts (pulp, chemicals, etc.) and bioenergy (ethanol, energy, etc.) with minimal emissions and low waste. The biorefinery concept is based on many different kinds of biomass such as agricultural and forest wastes, wood, and grasses in general, etc. For applying this concept, the pulp and paper industries are an ideal place, since they have all infrastructures for the harvesting, transportation, storage, and handling of large volumes of biomass, for partial biomass deconstruction, burning of the process wastes, aiming energy generation, and for the treatment of the solids and gas wastes, etc. One of the great challenges to the biorefineries is the wide range of raw materials to be processed, which presents different characteristics and behaviors during the deconstruction processes. This work aimed to investigate the biorefinery processes of a new generation eucalypt clones and elephant grass aiming pulp and cellulosic ethanol production. This thesis is divided in five chapters, namely: (1) literature review on biorefinery processes integrated to the pulp industry, (2) thorough characterization of Brazilian new generation eucalypt clones and elephant grass, (3) evaluation of alkaline deconstruction processes for Brazilian new generation of eucalypt clones, (4) evaluation of Brazilian new generation of eucalypt clone for biofuel production, (5) potential of elephant grass for pulp production. In Chapter 1, it was made a literature review on the integration of biorefinery processes associated with the pulp industry, with emphasis on the cellulosic ethanol production as a byproduct, focusing on technologies acids, neutral and alkaline pretreatment, enzymatic saccharification and fermentation of C6 and C5 sugars in separate and simultaneous processes. In Chapter 2, it was evaluated the quality of 18 eucalypt clones and 2 species of elephant grass for the production and pulp and biorefinery processes. The goal of this chapter was to select the four most promising clones of eucalypts and one species of elephant grass for subsequent studies. For this, a thorough investigation of the samples, which contemplated analyses of forestry productivity, density, moisture content, morphology and chemical composition, was performed. In Chapter 3, it was investigated for the four eucalypt clones chosen previously in Chapter 2, regarding their behavior when submitted to the alkaline deconstruction processes (soda-AQ, soda-AQ-O2, soda-O2, and Kraft), which were evaluated considering their screening yield, alkali charge and viscosity for different kappa number levels. The two most promising processes for producing pulp (kraft and soda-AQ) were studied in details through the pulp production aiming kappa numbers 15 and 20 regarding their composition and structure (content of carbohydrates, uronic acid, hexenuronic acid, carbohydrate molecular weight, structure of residual lignin), as well as for their respective black liquors (heating value, solid content, elemental analysis, and lignin structure). In Chapter 4, it was investigated two kinds of alkaline deconstruction processes (soda-AQ and soda-O2), which are most promising for bioethanol production, being used as a raw material the eucalypt clone G1xUGL. The processes of deconstruction were conducted aiming different levels of kappa number (15, 35, 50 and 70). After this step, a stage of saccharification followed by another of fermentation of the samples was performed. In Chapter 5, the potential of elephant grass for pulp production was evaluated in comparison with a eucalypt clone by using alkaline processes (kraft and soda-AQ) terminated at kappa numbers 15 and 20, through the screened yield, alkali charge, viscosity and bleachability. The main findings of this work were: (Chapter 1) besides the biomass pretreatments improvement and processes for biomass deconstruction, enzymatic conversion of polysaccharides in the lignocellulosic biomass will be a key technology in future biorefineries; (Chapter 2) the eucalypt clones showed a higher potential for biorefinery applications than the elephant grass due to their high dry biomass production per hectare, high density and contain fewer minerals and extraneous materials, highlighting the eucalypt clones U1xU2, G1xUGL, DGxU2, and IP; between the elephant grass, the EG1 (Pennisetum purpureum) sample was chosen due to its highest productivity (32 ton/ha/yr) and density (216 kg/m3); (Chapter 3) soda-AQ and Kraft showed to be the best processes for producing pulp. The alkaline processes using oxygen (soda-AQ-O2 and soda-O2) are more indicated for working as alkaline pretreatment method to be used in lignocellulose biorefineries; (Chapter 4) the soda-O2 process at kappa number levels of 35-50 provided the best potential for cellulosic ethanol production, with the best rate of saccharification (73%). These levels of sugar released are high and warrant efficient production of ethanol with yield above 370 L/t of dry wood; (Chapter 5) although the elephant grass showed a high extractive and minerals content, it proved as a potential raw material for pulp production, being the ideal cooking processes the Kraft at kappa number 20 or soda-AQ at kappa number 15.
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spelling Gomes, Fernando José Borgeshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/0502504979310236Gomide, José Líviohttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4781177P5Oliveira, Rubens Chaves dehttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4781313H5Colodette, Jorge Luizhttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4721443U9Magaton, Andréia da Silvahttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4766719E9Mounteer, Ann Honorhttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4723208Y4Silva, Vanessa Lopeshttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4702816E92015-03-26T12:27:17Z2014-10-012015-03-26T12:27:17Z2013-12-13GOMES, Fernando José Borges. Studies of the characterization and deconstruction of eucalypt and elephant grass for biorefinery applications integrated to the pulp industry. 2013. 145 f. Tese (Doutorado em Manejo Florestal; Meio Ambiente e Conservação da Natureza; Silvicultura; Tecnologia e Utilização de) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2013.http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/595The great challenge of modern civilization is becoming a sustainable society based on rational utilization of natural resources. In this scenery, the biorefinery concept came up, which refers to the conversion of lignocellulosic materials into bioproducts (pulp, chemicals, etc.) and bioenergy (ethanol, energy, etc.) with minimal emissions and low waste. The biorefinery concept is based on many different kinds of biomass such as agricultural and forest wastes, wood, and grasses in general, etc. For applying this concept, the pulp and paper industries are an ideal place, since they have all infrastructures for the harvesting, transportation, storage, and handling of large volumes of biomass, for partial biomass deconstruction, burning of the process wastes, aiming energy generation, and for the treatment of the solids and gas wastes, etc. One of the great challenges to the biorefineries is the wide range of raw materials to be processed, which presents different characteristics and behaviors during the deconstruction processes. This work aimed to investigate the biorefinery processes of a new generation eucalypt clones and elephant grass aiming pulp and cellulosic ethanol production. This thesis is divided in five chapters, namely: (1) literature review on biorefinery processes integrated to the pulp industry, (2) thorough characterization of Brazilian new generation eucalypt clones and elephant grass, (3) evaluation of alkaline deconstruction processes for Brazilian new generation of eucalypt clones, (4) evaluation of Brazilian new generation of eucalypt clone for biofuel production, (5) potential of elephant grass for pulp production. In Chapter 1, it was made a literature review on the integration of biorefinery processes associated with the pulp industry, with emphasis on the cellulosic ethanol production as a byproduct, focusing on technologies acids, neutral and alkaline pretreatment, enzymatic saccharification and fermentation of C6 and C5 sugars in separate and simultaneous processes. In Chapter 2, it was evaluated the quality of 18 eucalypt clones and 2 species of elephant grass for the production and pulp and biorefinery processes. The goal of this chapter was to select the four most promising clones of eucalypts and one species of elephant grass for subsequent studies. For this, a thorough investigation of the samples, which contemplated analyses of forestry productivity, density, moisture content, morphology and chemical composition, was performed. In Chapter 3, it was investigated for the four eucalypt clones chosen previously in Chapter 2, regarding their behavior when submitted to the alkaline deconstruction processes (soda-AQ, soda-AQ-O2, soda-O2, and Kraft), which were evaluated considering their screening yield, alkali charge and viscosity for different kappa number levels. The two most promising processes for producing pulp (kraft and soda-AQ) were studied in details through the pulp production aiming kappa numbers 15 and 20 regarding their composition and structure (content of carbohydrates, uronic acid, hexenuronic acid, carbohydrate molecular weight, structure of residual lignin), as well as for their respective black liquors (heating value, solid content, elemental analysis, and lignin structure). In Chapter 4, it was investigated two kinds of alkaline deconstruction processes (soda-AQ and soda-O2), which are most promising for bioethanol production, being used as a raw material the eucalypt clone G1xUGL. The processes of deconstruction were conducted aiming different levels of kappa number (15, 35, 50 and 70). After this step, a stage of saccharification followed by another of fermentation of the samples was performed. In Chapter 5, the potential of elephant grass for pulp production was evaluated in comparison with a eucalypt clone by using alkaline processes (kraft and soda-AQ) terminated at kappa numbers 15 and 20, through the screened yield, alkali charge, viscosity and bleachability. The main findings of this work were: (Chapter 1) besides the biomass pretreatments improvement and processes for biomass deconstruction, enzymatic conversion of polysaccharides in the lignocellulosic biomass will be a key technology in future biorefineries; (Chapter 2) the eucalypt clones showed a higher potential for biorefinery applications than the elephant grass due to their high dry biomass production per hectare, high density and contain fewer minerals and extraneous materials, highlighting the eucalypt clones U1xU2, G1xUGL, DGxU2, and IP; between the elephant grass, the EG1 (Pennisetum purpureum) sample was chosen due to its highest productivity (32 ton/ha/yr) and density (216 kg/m3); (Chapter 3) soda-AQ and Kraft showed to be the best processes for producing pulp. The alkaline processes using oxygen (soda-AQ-O2 and soda-O2) are more indicated for working as alkaline pretreatment method to be used in lignocellulose biorefineries; (Chapter 4) the soda-O2 process at kappa number levels of 35-50 provided the best potential for cellulosic ethanol production, with the best rate of saccharification (73%). These levels of sugar released are high and warrant efficient production of ethanol with yield above 370 L/t of dry wood; (Chapter 5) although the elephant grass showed a high extractive and minerals content, it proved as a potential raw material for pulp production, being the ideal cooking processes the Kraft at kappa number 20 or soda-AQ at kappa number 15.O grande desafio da civilização moderna é se tornar uma sociedade mais sustentável, baseada no uso racional dos recursos naturais. Nesse contexto, surgiu o conceito de biorrefinaria, que prevê a conversão de materiais lignocelulósicos em bioprodutos (materiais, produtos químicos, etc) e bioenergia (biocombustíveis, energia, etc) com baixo desperdício e mínimas emissões. O conceito de biorrefinaria esta alicerçado em biomassas variadas como, por exemplo, resíduos agrícolas e florestais, madeira, gramíneas em geral, etc. A indústria de celulose e papel tem boa condição para colocar em prática esse conceito, pois já possui infraestrutura adequada para a colheita, transporte, armazenamento e manuseio de grandes volumes de biomassa, para desconstrução da biomassa, para queima de resíduos do processo, para geração de energia, para tratamento de resíduos, sólidos, líquidos e gasosos, etc. Um dos grandes desafios às biorrefinarias é a variada gama de matérias primas a serem processadas, que apresentam características e comportamentos distintos nos processos de desconstrução. O objetivo desse estudo foi investigar a biorrefinagem de uma nova geração de clones de eucalipto e de capim elefante com vistas à produção de polpa e etanol celulósico. A tese foi dividida em cinco capítulos, a saber: (1) uma revisão bibliográfica sobre processos de biorrefinaria integrados à indústria de polpa celulósica; (2) caracterização completa da nova geração de clones de eucalipto brasileiros e capim elefante; (3) avaliação de processos alcalinos de desconstrução da nova geração de clones de eucalipto brasileiros; (4) desconstrução alcalina de um clone de eucalipto brasileiro visando à produção de bioetanol; e (5) potencial do capim elefante para a pro dução de polpa celulósica. No Capítulo 1 foi feito uma revisão de literatura sobre a integração dos processos de biorrefinaria com a indústria de polpa celulósica, com ênfase na produção de etanol celulósico como subproduto, focalizando as tecnologias de pré-tratamentos ácidos, neutros e alcalinos, de sacarificação enzimática e de fermentação de açúcares C6 e C5 em processos separados e simultâneos. No Capítulo 2, foi avaliada a qualidade de 18 clones de eucalipto e de 2 espécies de capim elefante considerando os parâmetros mais relevantes para processos de biorrefinaria, incluindo produtividade de biomassa, densidade, teor de umidade, e morfologia e composição química das fibras; desse estudo foram selecionados os quatro mais promissores clones de eucalipto, e uma espécie de capim elefante para os estudos posteriores. No Capítulo 3, investigaram-se os comportamentos dos materiais selecionados no Capítulo 2, quanto aos seus comportamentos frente a vários métodos de desconstrução alcalinos (Kraft, soda-AQ, soda-AQ-O2 e soda-O2), que foram avaliados quanto ao rendimento gravimétrico, demanda de reagentes químicos e grau de polimerização dos polissacarídeos em níveis variados de deslignificação; os dois processos mais promissores (soda-AQ e Kraft) para a produção de polpas foram estudados minuciosamente, através da avaliação de polpas de kappa 15 e 20 quanto a suas composições e estrutura (conteúdos de carboidratos, ácidos urônicos, ácidos hexenurônicos, peso molecular dos carboidratos e estrutura da lignina residual), e dos respectivos licores negros (poder calorifico, teor de sólidos, análise elementar, e estrutura da lignina). No Capítulo 4, foram investigados os dois processos de desconstrução alcalinos (soda-AQ e soda-O2) mais promissores para a produção de bioetanol, a partir do clone de eucalipto G1xUGL, após desconstrução até os números de kappa 15, 35, 50 e 70, sacarificação e fermentação. No Capítulo 5, o potencial do capim elefante para a produção de polpa celulósica foi avaliado em relação ao eucalipto, comparando- se os processos alcalinos kraft e soda-AQ nos níveis de número kappa 15 e 20, através da análise de rendimento gravimétrico, demanda de reagentes químicos, propriedades químicas da polpa, e branqueabilidade da polpa. As principais conclusões desse estudo foram: Capítulo 1: paralelamente ao aprimoramento dos processos de desconstrução da biomassa, a conversão enzimática de polissacarídeos da biomassa lignocelulósica pode ser apontada como a tecnologia mais promissora para a consolidação das biorrefinarias. Capítulo 2: a madeira de eucalipto apresenta maior potencial para biorrefinaria que o capim elefante pelos seus maiores valores de produtividade de massa seca/ha e densidade, e menores teores de umidade e de minerais que o capim elefante, com destaque para os clones (U1xU2; G1xUGL; DGxU2, e IP); dentre os capins elefantes, destaque para a amostra EG1 (Pennisetum purpureum) pela sua maior produtividade (32 t/ha/ano) e densidade (216 kg/m3). Capítulo 3: os processos soda-AQ e Kraft são os mais indicados para a desconstrução alcalina da biomassa para a produção de polpa celulósica. Os processos alcalinos que utilizam oxigênio como aditivo (soda-AQ-O2 e soda-O2) são mais indicados para desconstrução da biomassa com vistas ao etanol celulósico. Capítulo 4: a desconstrução da madeira de eucalipto pelo processo soda-O2 terminado em número kappa na faixa de 35-50 apresentou bom potencial para produção de etanol celulósico, resultando níveis de sacarificação (73%). Esses rendimentos garantem um rendimento teórico de etanol acima de 370 L/t de madeira seca. Capítulo 5: Apesar de o capim elefante apresentar um alto conteúdo de extrativos e minerais, ele tem potencial para produção de polpa celulósica, sendo que a sua desconstrução deve ser realizada pelo processo kraft em kappa 20 ou processo soda-AQ em kappa 15.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológicoapplication/pdfporUniversidade Federal de ViçosaDoutorado em Ciência FlorestalUFVBRManejo Florestal; Meio Ambiente e Conservação da Natureza; Silvicultura; Tecnologia e Utilização deBiocombustíveisBiomassaCeluloseEucaliptoBiofuelsBiomassCelluloseEucalyptusCNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::RECURSOS FLORESTAIS E ENGENHARIA FLORESTAL::TECNOLOGIA E UTILIZACAO DE PRODUTOS FLORESTAISEstudos de caracterização e desconstrução de biomassas de eucalipto e capim elefante para aplicações em biorrefinarias integradas à indústria de celuloseStudies of the characterization and deconstruction of eucalypt and elephant grass for biorefinery applications integrated to the pulp industryinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFVinstname:Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV)instacron:UFVORIGINALtexto completo.pdfapplication/pdf1211203https://locus.ufv.br//bitstream/123456789/595/1/texto%20completo.pdf19a4df433301c47dd25a122ada6a7de6MD51TEXTtexto completo.pdf.txttexto completo.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain287120https://locus.ufv.br//bitstream/123456789/595/2/texto%20completo.pdf.txt961abfa992238b21ad3bf1f0f3ea8318MD52THUMBNAILtexto completo.pdf.jpgtexto completo.pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg3595https://locus.ufv.br//bitstream/123456789/595/3/texto%20completo.pdf.jpg826b19c1b9417a29c03cbd6ec3670805MD53123456789/5952016-04-06 23:09:34.56oai:locus.ufv.br:123456789/595Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttps://www.locus.ufv.br/oai/requestfabiojreis@ufv.bropendoar:21452016-04-07T02:09:34LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV - Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV)false
dc.title.por.fl_str_mv Estudos de caracterização e desconstrução de biomassas de eucalipto e capim elefante para aplicações em biorrefinarias integradas à indústria de celulose
dc.title.alternative.eng.fl_str_mv Studies of the characterization and deconstruction of eucalypt and elephant grass for biorefinery applications integrated to the pulp industry
title Estudos de caracterização e desconstrução de biomassas de eucalipto e capim elefante para aplicações em biorrefinarias integradas à indústria de celulose
spellingShingle Estudos de caracterização e desconstrução de biomassas de eucalipto e capim elefante para aplicações em biorrefinarias integradas à indústria de celulose
Gomes, Fernando José Borges
Biocombustíveis
Biomassa
Celulose
Eucalipto
Biofuels
Biomass
Cellulose
Eucalyptus
CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::RECURSOS FLORESTAIS E ENGENHARIA FLORESTAL::TECNOLOGIA E UTILIZACAO DE PRODUTOS FLORESTAIS
title_short Estudos de caracterização e desconstrução de biomassas de eucalipto e capim elefante para aplicações em biorrefinarias integradas à indústria de celulose
title_full Estudos de caracterização e desconstrução de biomassas de eucalipto e capim elefante para aplicações em biorrefinarias integradas à indústria de celulose
title_fullStr Estudos de caracterização e desconstrução de biomassas de eucalipto e capim elefante para aplicações em biorrefinarias integradas à indústria de celulose
title_full_unstemmed Estudos de caracterização e desconstrução de biomassas de eucalipto e capim elefante para aplicações em biorrefinarias integradas à indústria de celulose
title_sort Estudos de caracterização e desconstrução de biomassas de eucalipto e capim elefante para aplicações em biorrefinarias integradas à indústria de celulose
author Gomes, Fernando José Borges
author_facet Gomes, Fernando José Borges
author_role author
dc.contributor.authorLattes.por.fl_str_mv http://lattes.cnpq.br/0502504979310236
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Gomes, Fernando José Borges
dc.contributor.advisor-co1.fl_str_mv Gomide, José Lívio
dc.contributor.advisor-co1Lattes.fl_str_mv http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4781177P5
dc.contributor.advisor-co2.fl_str_mv Oliveira, Rubens Chaves de
dc.contributor.advisor-co2Lattes.fl_str_mv http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4781313H5
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv Colodette, Jorge Luiz
dc.contributor.advisor1Lattes.fl_str_mv http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4721443U9
dc.contributor.referee1.fl_str_mv Magaton, Andréia da Silva
dc.contributor.referee1Lattes.fl_str_mv http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4766719E9
dc.contributor.referee2.fl_str_mv Mounteer, Ann Honor
dc.contributor.referee2Lattes.fl_str_mv http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4723208Y4
dc.contributor.referee3.fl_str_mv Silva, Vanessa Lopes
dc.contributor.referee3Lattes.fl_str_mv http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4702816E9
contributor_str_mv Gomide, José Lívio
Oliveira, Rubens Chaves de
Colodette, Jorge Luiz
Magaton, Andréia da Silva
Mounteer, Ann Honor
Silva, Vanessa Lopes
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Biocombustíveis
Biomassa
Celulose
Eucalipto
topic Biocombustíveis
Biomassa
Celulose
Eucalipto
Biofuels
Biomass
Cellulose
Eucalyptus
CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::RECURSOS FLORESTAIS E ENGENHARIA FLORESTAL::TECNOLOGIA E UTILIZACAO DE PRODUTOS FLORESTAIS
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv Biofuels
Biomass
Cellulose
Eucalyptus
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::RECURSOS FLORESTAIS E ENGENHARIA FLORESTAL::TECNOLOGIA E UTILIZACAO DE PRODUTOS FLORESTAIS
description The great challenge of modern civilization is becoming a sustainable society based on rational utilization of natural resources. In this scenery, the biorefinery concept came up, which refers to the conversion of lignocellulosic materials into bioproducts (pulp, chemicals, etc.) and bioenergy (ethanol, energy, etc.) with minimal emissions and low waste. The biorefinery concept is based on many different kinds of biomass such as agricultural and forest wastes, wood, and grasses in general, etc. For applying this concept, the pulp and paper industries are an ideal place, since they have all infrastructures for the harvesting, transportation, storage, and handling of large volumes of biomass, for partial biomass deconstruction, burning of the process wastes, aiming energy generation, and for the treatment of the solids and gas wastes, etc. One of the great challenges to the biorefineries is the wide range of raw materials to be processed, which presents different characteristics and behaviors during the deconstruction processes. This work aimed to investigate the biorefinery processes of a new generation eucalypt clones and elephant grass aiming pulp and cellulosic ethanol production. This thesis is divided in five chapters, namely: (1) literature review on biorefinery processes integrated to the pulp industry, (2) thorough characterization of Brazilian new generation eucalypt clones and elephant grass, (3) evaluation of alkaline deconstruction processes for Brazilian new generation of eucalypt clones, (4) evaluation of Brazilian new generation of eucalypt clone for biofuel production, (5) potential of elephant grass for pulp production. In Chapter 1, it was made a literature review on the integration of biorefinery processes associated with the pulp industry, with emphasis on the cellulosic ethanol production as a byproduct, focusing on technologies acids, neutral and alkaline pretreatment, enzymatic saccharification and fermentation of C6 and C5 sugars in separate and simultaneous processes. In Chapter 2, it was evaluated the quality of 18 eucalypt clones and 2 species of elephant grass for the production and pulp and biorefinery processes. The goal of this chapter was to select the four most promising clones of eucalypts and one species of elephant grass for subsequent studies. For this, a thorough investigation of the samples, which contemplated analyses of forestry productivity, density, moisture content, morphology and chemical composition, was performed. In Chapter 3, it was investigated for the four eucalypt clones chosen previously in Chapter 2, regarding their behavior when submitted to the alkaline deconstruction processes (soda-AQ, soda-AQ-O2, soda-O2, and Kraft), which were evaluated considering their screening yield, alkali charge and viscosity for different kappa number levels. The two most promising processes for producing pulp (kraft and soda-AQ) were studied in details through the pulp production aiming kappa numbers 15 and 20 regarding their composition and structure (content of carbohydrates, uronic acid, hexenuronic acid, carbohydrate molecular weight, structure of residual lignin), as well as for their respective black liquors (heating value, solid content, elemental analysis, and lignin structure). In Chapter 4, it was investigated two kinds of alkaline deconstruction processes (soda-AQ and soda-O2), which are most promising for bioethanol production, being used as a raw material the eucalypt clone G1xUGL. The processes of deconstruction were conducted aiming different levels of kappa number (15, 35, 50 and 70). After this step, a stage of saccharification followed by another of fermentation of the samples was performed. In Chapter 5, the potential of elephant grass for pulp production was evaluated in comparison with a eucalypt clone by using alkaline processes (kraft and soda-AQ) terminated at kappa numbers 15 and 20, through the screened yield, alkali charge, viscosity and bleachability. The main findings of this work were: (Chapter 1) besides the biomass pretreatments improvement and processes for biomass deconstruction, enzymatic conversion of polysaccharides in the lignocellulosic biomass will be a key technology in future biorefineries; (Chapter 2) the eucalypt clones showed a higher potential for biorefinery applications than the elephant grass due to their high dry biomass production per hectare, high density and contain fewer minerals and extraneous materials, highlighting the eucalypt clones U1xU2, G1xUGL, DGxU2, and IP; between the elephant grass, the EG1 (Pennisetum purpureum) sample was chosen due to its highest productivity (32 ton/ha/yr) and density (216 kg/m3); (Chapter 3) soda-AQ and Kraft showed to be the best processes for producing pulp. The alkaline processes using oxygen (soda-AQ-O2 and soda-O2) are more indicated for working as alkaline pretreatment method to be used in lignocellulose biorefineries; (Chapter 4) the soda-O2 process at kappa number levels of 35-50 provided the best potential for cellulosic ethanol production, with the best rate of saccharification (73%). These levels of sugar released are high and warrant efficient production of ethanol with yield above 370 L/t of dry wood; (Chapter 5) although the elephant grass showed a high extractive and minerals content, it proved as a potential raw material for pulp production, being the ideal cooking processes the Kraft at kappa number 20 or soda-AQ at kappa number 15.
publishDate 2013
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv 2013-12-13
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv 2014-10-01
2015-03-26T12:27:17Z
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv 2015-03-26T12:27:17Z
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
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dc.identifier.citation.fl_str_mv GOMES, Fernando José Borges. Studies of the characterization and deconstruction of eucalypt and elephant grass for biorefinery applications integrated to the pulp industry. 2013. 145 f. Tese (Doutorado em Manejo Florestal; Meio Ambiente e Conservação da Natureza; Silvicultura; Tecnologia e Utilização de) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2013.
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identifier_str_mv GOMES, Fernando José Borges. Studies of the characterization and deconstruction of eucalypt and elephant grass for biorefinery applications integrated to the pulp industry. 2013. 145 f. Tese (Doutorado em Manejo Florestal; Meio Ambiente e Conservação da Natureza; Silvicultura; Tecnologia e Utilização de) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2013.
url http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/595
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dc.publisher.department.fl_str_mv Manejo Florestal; Meio Ambiente e Conservação da Natureza; Silvicultura; Tecnologia e Utilização de
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universidade Federal de Viçosa
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