A atividade nematicida de extratos aquosos e tinturas vegetais sobre Meloidogyne javanica (Treub, 1885) Chitwood, 1949

• Autor(a) principal: Gardiano, Cristiane Gonçalves
• Data de Publicação: 2006
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4446
• topic: Nematóides; Controle; Nematóide das galhas; Nematode; Control; Root-knot nematode; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOSSANIDADE::FITOPATOLOGIA

Several natural products obtained from different plant species with nematicidal or nematostatic properties have been promising for use under field conditions, mainly for small agricultural areas. The plants possess substances called secondary metabolites that present several functions, among them the protection against different pathogens. The objective of this work was the evaluation of the potential of some aqueous plants extracts against Meloidogyne javanica, when applied directly into the soil or as foliar spray. Furthermore, the effect of plant tinctures on the same nematode specie was studied. The aqueous extracts were prepared through the mixture of dried leaves with distilled water (1:10 w/v). The material was ground 24 hours later, filtered and used right away. The tincture was prepared either through the mixture of dried leaves with alcohol 70% (1:4 w/v) or through the mixture of fresh leaves with alcohol 90% (1:2 w/v), and both kept in the dark. Fifteen days later, they were filtered and stored in dark flasks. The tinctures were sprayed on the tomato plants at the proportion of 1:10 (1 mL of tincture: 10 mL of distilled water). In all experiments, the evaluations were accomplished 60 days after soil infestation and the following parameters were evaluated: height and weight of the tops and the number of galls and eggs in the root systems. In the first assay, the foliar application of the aqueous extracts of Petiveria alliacea reduced the number of M. javanica galls in 61%. In the second assay, the aqueous extracts were applied into the soil and those prepared from leaves of Mentha spp., Arctium lappa and Ricinus communis reduced the number of galls in 75,6; 65,7 and 54,4% and the number of eggs in 81,7%; 75,9% and 56,6%, respectively. In the third assay, the foliar application of the tinctures of Petiveria alliacea, Azadirachta indica and of Melia azedarach reduced the number of the galls in 100%, 100% and 80,36% and the number of eggs in 99,72%, 98,90% e 81,58%, respectively. The results obtained in the experiments showed that aqueous plants extracts and the tinctures, applied as foliar spray or added directly into the soil, could be a good alternative to control plant parasitic nematodes in a practical and cheap way.