Bionematicida à base de Pochonia chlamydosporia no controle de Meloidogyne incognita em cenoura

• Autor(a) principal: Fernandes, Rafael Henrique
• Data de Publicação: 2014
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/2033
• topic: Controle biológico; Fungo nematófago; Nematoide das galhas; Biological control; Nematophagous fungus; Nematode galls; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOSSANIDADE::FITOPATOLOGIA

The root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are one of the most important pathogens of carrot worldwide. The application of the fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia may be an alternative for the management of the root-knot nematode on carrot. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of a bionematicide based on P. chlamydosporia var. chlamydosporia isolate Pc-10 in the control of Meloidogyne incognita on carrot in a commercial farm in Rio Paranaíba and the survival of the fungus after different periods of application on the surface of the soil in an experimental field at Universidade Federal de Viçosa Campus de Rio Paranaíba. In Chapter 1, the bionematicide Pc-10 was applied at different doses (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 kg.ha-1) on the surface of the raised beds after sowing. In Chapter 2, Pc-10 was either incorporated in the soil or applied to the surface of the beds at 3 ha-1 and it was compared with the untreated control and the application of the bionematicides Paecilomyces lilacinus + Bacillus subtilis (2 kg.ha-1), mix of nematophagous fungi and Bacillus sp. (5 kg.ha-1) and P. lilacinus (8 kg.ha-1). In both field experiments, the production of commercial and non-commercial (discard) roots and the reproduction factor of the nematode in the soil were evaluated at the end of the crop cycle. In Chapter 3, we evaluated the survival of the fungus at 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 minutes after application of the bionematicide on the soil surface. The production of carrot roots and the reduction of the nematode population were influenced by increasing doses of Pc-10. The application of Pc-10 at 3 kg.ha-1 increased by 41.7% the production of commercial roots and reduced by 48.7 and 61.4% the production of discarded roots and the reproduction factor of the nematode in the comparison to the untreated control, respectively. In its turn, the incorporation of the Pc-10 in the soil was more effective than the application on the soil surface application in relation to the increase of the production of commercial roots and the decrease of discarded roots and the nematode population. Finally, the survival of the fungus was reduced with increasing time of exposure on the soil surface. The number of colony forming units of the fungus was reduced from 81.7 to 94.1% at 150 minutes after application. The incorporation of the bionematicide Pc-10 in the soil, at 3 kg.ha-1, increases the survival of the fungus and the production of commercial roots of carrot and reduces the population of M. incognita in the soil.