Características gestacionais e de nascimento e alimentação no primeiro ano de vida e sua relação com dislipidemia e excesso de peso em escolares

• Autor(a) principal: Barbosa, Lorena
• Data de Publicação: 2009
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/2727
• topic: Excesso de peso; Dislipidemias; Aleitamento materno; Peso ao nascer; Programação fetal; Overweight; Dyslipidemias; Breastfeeding; Birth weight; Fetal programming; CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::NUTRICAO

The prevalence of child obesity and the consequences resulting from this disorder, such as dyslipidemia, is increasingly growing in Brazil. It s known that overweight has multiple influences, like genetics, dietetics, physical activity, age, gender, and even environmental factors, such as income. In the last three decades, factors such as maternal smoking during pregnancy, gestational weight gain, birth weight and breastfeeding have been highlighted as possible determinants of overweight in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status of children between seven and nine years old and to evaluate the influence of characteristics of pregnancy, birth and feeding of the first year of life on the occurrence of overweight and on lipid profile of this children. This is a crosssectional study, with 209 children of 7 to 9 years old enrolled in public and private schools in the city of Diamantina, MG. Data were collected through the application of questionnaires, anthropometric measurements (weight, height, waist, hip and arm circumferences), and laboratory tests to obtain a lipid profile. Overweight was defined as the BMI/age value over than + 1 z score of the growth charts proposed by WHO in 2007. Waist circumference was evaluated according the cutoff point proposed by Taylor et al., and lipid profile was classified according the reference values proposed by the I Brazilian Guidelines for Prevention of Atherosclerosis in Childhood and Adolescence. To identify the characteristics associated to overweight and lipid profile it was realized Pearson s chi-square test, odds ratio and Mann Whitney s test. The prevalence of overweight was 20,1%, and it did not differ among boys (10,52%) and girls (9,56%); p = 0,06. The prevalence of cholesterol total, LDLc and triglycerides values over the desirable levels was 60,6%, 32,1% and 8,5%, respectively. HDL-c values below the desirable level were observed in 25,5% of children. High income was associated with overweight, as well as with low HDL-c values. Exclusively breastfeeding for 6 months had a protective effect against serum LDL-c levels higher the desirable when compared to children who were exclusively breastfed for 1-3 months. The age of introduction of solid foods was also associated to LDL-c and HDL-c levels. In view of the benefits effects of breastfeeding already well established in the literature, the damage already elucidated caused by the use tobacco during pregnancy and the importance of the opportune introduction of complementary foods to the adequate development and health of the child, it s essential that polices that encourage breastfeeding and the realization of prenatal consultations are continuing and permanent.