Efeito imediato da exclusão de espécies dominantes sobre a estrutura de comunidades de formigas que visitam iscas em savanas tropicais

• Autor(a) principal: Gomes, Inácio José de Melo Teles e
• Data de Publicação: 2012
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3960
• topic: Espécies dominantes; Exclusão; Competição; Formigas; Dominant species; Exclusion; Competition; Ants; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOSSANIDADE::ENTOMOLOGIA AGRICOLA

Competition is a controversial theme in theoretical ecology. Studies involving competition and ants have demonstrated contradictories results. Thus, experimental work is necessary to elucidate the real importance of competition on structuring ant communities. Then, the aim of this study was to experimentally determinate the immediate effect of exclusion of two dominant ant species on the structure of ants communities which forage on baits. I collected data between February and April of 2007, in Darwin, NT, Australia and between January and February of 2010 in Uberlândia, MG, Brazil. I established three plots in each country where we experimentally removed the two most aggressive ant species. The plots were made of 100 baits spaced in ten lines of ten baits spaced in 3m. The baits were made of ¼ of a paper with 30g of sardine deposited on it. The experiment was divided in three parts of three days each one. The first part was called before exclusion , when the ants were collected without previous interference. In the second part, during exclusion , the dominant ants nests were blocked with plastic bowls. Finally, after exclusion , after we unblock the dominant ants nests. One hour after the baits installation, we collected the ants and noted its abundance. During exclusion in Australia, the richness and abundance of ants increased significantly when compared with others treatments. Furthermore, the ant species composition on baits changed during the dominant species exclusion. In Brazil, there was a decrease of those values during and after exclusion, probably due to a subdominant species (Cephalotes pusillus) that increased in abundance and frequency and may have had a stronger negative effect on ant community. Some species were collected only when the dominant species were blocked in Australia. Our analysis indicates there is an important change in the ant species diversity and composition with the dominant species exclusion. In Australia, dominant species may regulate momentary diversity of ant community while in Brazil it has a buffer effect. This may indicate that competition is a strong factor structuring ant assemblage.