Avaliação qualiquantitativa de impactos ambientais de um programa de fomento florestal, na Zona da Mata Mineira

• Autor(a) principal: Valdetaro, Erlon Barbosa
• Data de Publicação: 2011
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3076
• topic: Fomento florestal; Reflorestamento; Impacto ambiental; Forest development; Reforestation; Environmental impact; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::RECURSOS FLORESTAIS E ENGENHARIA FLORESTAL::CONSERVACAO DA NATUREZA

The forest development program sponsored by Instituto Estadual de Florestas do Estado de Minas Gerais (IEF/MG) has great importance to the social and economic development of the Zona da Mata Mineira, and especially the Ubá's furniture cluster. But it is also responsible for positive and negative environmental impacts. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate, in a qualitative and quantitative way, the environmental impacts caused by this program on the region of Zona da Mata and also to outline actions for potentiating the impacts that are characterized as positive, and mitigation actions for the negative ones. The identification and qualitative and quantitative characterization of the environmental impacts were made by applying two methods: interaction matrix and the "check-list . The results obtained by the interaction matrix method allowed the identification of 44 impacting activities for the three stages considered - implementation, maintenance and harvest/transportation - with 21, 12, and 11 impacting activities, respectively, and 27 relevant environmental factors, accounting, thus, a total of 1,188 possible relations of impact. In 1,188 possible relations of impact, the matrix allowed the qualitative and quantitative identification and characterization of 473 environmental impacts, in other words, 39.8% of the total capacity. These values agree with other similar studies, methodologically, distributed in 274 (57.9%) in the implementation stage; 121 (25.6%) in the maintenance stage; and 78 (16.5%) in the harvesting/ transportation stage, being 301 of them negative (63.6%), and 172 positive (36.4%). In turn, the "check-list method identified 94 environmental impacts and some present in one, two or even in three stages. Thus, 34 (36.2%) are positive, 22 of them for the implementation stage, 25 for the maintenance stage, and 10 for the harvesting and transportation stage. The other 60 impacts, are negatives, which represent 63.8% of the total, are divided in 42, 47, and 42 respectively for the stages of implementation, maintenance and harvesting/transportation. For the 94 environmental impacts identified, 96 were defined as an environmental intervention, 26 of them (27.6%) as potentiating actions and 70 (74.4%) as mitigating actions, and the farmer was the responsible for implementing most measures. The Federal University of Viçosa and the IEF/MG are also responsible for implementing other measures, especially when they involve technology transfer. The main conclusion is that the methods used in this assessment proved to be effective for the enterprise under study, which accredits this study to become a technical reference in the process of environmental licensing of programs and projects for forest promotion in Brazil.