Qualidade ambiental e qualidade de vida nos municípios do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul

• Autor(a) principal: Rossato, Marivane Vestena
• Data de Publicação: 2006
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/154
• topic: Qualidade ambiental; Qualidade de vida; Análise fatorial; Padrões espaciais; Environmental quality; Life quality; Factor analysis; Spatial patterns; CNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::ECONOMIA::ECONOMIAS AGRARIA E DOS RECURSOS NATURAIS::ECONOMIA DOS RECURSOS NATURAIS

United Nations (UN) Reports present Rio Grande do Sul as being one of the states with higher level of human development in the country. However, indicators of environmental quality show very low levels for the state, indicating a weak association between life quality and environmental quality. The objective of this study was, therefore, to identify the associations between environmental quality and life quality in the state, in the year 2000, considering their regional differences. It was also part of this work to quantify the level of environmental quality, as well as to draw up a Human-Environmental Development Index that takes into consideration the environmental quality in the representation of the human development level for the cities in the state. The circular and sustainable economy model and the externality model were used as theoretical framework. The analytical procedure consisted of the factorial and cluster analysis, using the variables selected from the FIBGE Agricultural and Demographic Censuses; and from the Statistics Foundation of the State of Rio Grande do Sul. The results indicated that the production relationships, represented by urbanization, map the sewage services, which were shown to be directly linked to health conditions. In the year 2000, most cities of the state, without showing industrial vocation, had low pollutant potential indexes, mainly the cities in the Campanha region. The highly industrialized cities such as Canoas, Caxias do Sul and Porto Alegre presented, however, high pollutant potential indexes. The pollution from industrial sources, which follows the industrial production of the State, was negatively associated with child mortality rate. It is pointed out that in the industrialized cities the population with high life standard cannot benefit from better health services, nevertheless, it inhabits an environment potentially polluted by industrial sources. The results from the association between economic and housing conditions showed that the population with higher life standard inhabited more crowded spaces. Demographic density was shown to be negatively associated with child mortality rates. The soil quality, however, was better in cities with less economic development, which was evident in the Campanha region, with erosion problems originated from the established production models. The representative factor forest composition indicated that only 16.58% of the state territory was covered by forests, and its association with human health conditions was negative. The analysis of the relationship between economic conditions and environmental quality, through a spatial configuration, indicated that the regions with higher income level had low environmental quality, which was opposed to what happened in the cities with lower income level. The level of environmental quality of the cities was 45 percentage points below the maximum (100%). The Human-Environmental Development Index proposed and built to indicate development level resulted in a mean index of 0.25. Thus, this study allowed the conclusion that the level of environmental quality of the state worked as a reducer of the human development level. It is, therefore, concluded that the population with higher income levels inhabited spaces with low environmental quality, considering the indicators used in this study. It is confirmed, then, the importance of considering the environmental quality in the determination of human development. These results reinforce the need for institutions linked to the economic and social development to include the environmental variable in their development models, seeking sustainable development.