Aspectos fisiológicos e nutricionais associados à produção do cafeeiro com alinhamento de plantio norte-sul

• Autor(a) principal: Borghetti, Renato Antônio
• Data de Publicação: 2013
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5535
• topic: Coffea Arabica; Cerrado; Estresse Luminoso; Produtividade; Coffea Arabica; Cerrado; Luminous stress; Productivity; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::CIENCIA DO SOLO

The production and quality of the coffee can vary significantly in relation to nutritional, physiological, genetic and edaphoclimatic features. Among these aspects, the irradiance has a strong influence on physiological characteristics, affecting the quantity and quality of fruit produced. With the establishment of coffee plantations in regions of higher average temperature and flatter topography, such are generally the regions of Cerrado, field observations demonstrate the influence of the alignment orientation of the coffee plantations in the performance of the culture, as in the exposure of the leaves` surfaces. Therefore, the aim of this work was to study the influence of the north-south alignment on the aspects related to production, quality, nutrition and physiology of coffee crops in the Cerrado region. The study was conducted in two areas of commercial plantation of coffee - Coffea arabica L. Topázio (area I) and Coffea arabica L. Catuaí (area II), with the planting rows aligned in north-south direction, in the municipality of Araxá, Triangulo Mineiro region of Minas Gerais state. In each area, ten sequential plants have been harvested, with five replicates per area, being each side of the plants harvested separated. From each side of the plants, samples of 4 kg of fresh fruits were picked up, properly washed and separated into cherry, green and floated beans. After drying, the quality analyses of drinking coffee from cherry beans were carried out. For the analyzes of leaf tissue, gas exchange (A), carbohydrates, photosynthetic pigments, and carbon isotope composition δ13C, five plants per area were selected, which had the apical, median and basal canopy positions evaluated on each side of the plants, at different times. The production of cherry fruits from Area I (Topázio variety) was 54 % higher on the east side compared to the west, and with lower production of green fruits. However, for area II (Catuaí viiivariety), there were no differences in production and average percentage of classes of maturity. The grades for grain cherry coffee drink did not differ between faces in relation to the sun exposure, to both areas analyzed, as well as to the other qualitative variables studied. The foliar concentrations of macro and micronutrients are within the recommended range for the culture, and in both experimental areas, the varieties did not show, in general, significant differences in nutrient content between the sides of the plant. Under saturating photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) the east and west sides showed high rates of A in the morning, being the variations A related to limitations in gs. The carbon isotope compositions (δ13C) in the basal area were higher in the west side to the area I (Topázio variety) and showed no differences for area II (Catuaí) and for the total concentration of chlorophyll.