Potencial de extratos vegetais no controle de Polyphagotarsonemus latus, Tetranychus urticae e Myzus persicae

• Autor(a) principal: Oliveira, Juliana Maria de
• Data de Publicação: 2013
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3971
• topic: Ácaro-branco; Ácaro-rajado; Pulgão-verde; Capsicum frutescens; Broad mite; Spider mite; Green peach aphid; Capsicum frutescens; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOSSANIDADE::ENTOMOLOGIA AGRICOLA

The broad mite Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks, 1904) (Acari: Tarsonemidae), the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) and the green peach aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) are polyphagous and cosmopolitan crop pests which are of great importance for causing serious damage to several crops. In conventional systems, control of such pests has been made by using synthetic acaricides and insecticides. However, using solely agrochemicals may not offer a proper control, and it may sort resistant individuals, besides causing inconveniences to the environment and man health. The use of alternative products instead of agrochemicals for pest control has been increasing, notably due to the increased organic production. Aiming to minimize the effects caused by agrochemicals, plant extracts are being used as an alternative to food production. Vegetable extracts are more compatible with the other management practices, in addition to allow the survivor and better performance of natural enemies. Therefore, here we evaluated the toxicity of chili pepper seeds (Capsicum frutescens L.), corianderseeds (Coriandrum sativum) and marigold extracts (Calendula officinalis L.), chosen among six plant species, after preliminary tests of sub-lethal effects, on the broad mite, on the two-spotted spider mite, on the green peach aphid and on the generalist predator, Chrysoperla externa. Initially, laboratory experiments were performed to assess the lethal and sub-lethal effects of the three extracts on those arthropods. After that, we evaluated, in greenhouse, the efficiency of the vegetable extracts to control the population growth of the herbivorous. The information achieved in these assessments was divided in two chapters. On chapter 1, we evaluated the toxicity of the vegetable extracts on the broad mite and on the two-spotted spider mite. On chapter 2, we assessed the toxicity of the vegetable extracts on the green peach aphid and on its predator, C. externa. In the laboratory, the chili peper and coriander seed hydroalcoholicextracts, in concentration higher than 10 mg/mL, decreased the instantaneous population growth rate of the broad mite, lead to repellency of the adults and caused no-preference for oviposition on substrates treated with the extracts. The marigold extract did not decreased the instantaneous population growth rate of the broad mite, but it caused repellency of the adults and no-preference for oviposition on the substrate treated with the extract, except for the concentration of 50 mg/mL. As for the two-spotted spider mite, all the extracts caused decrease in the instantaneous population growth rate, without, however, achieving the population stability. In greenhouse, the chili pepper and coriander hydroalcoholic extracts, in a concentration of 100 mg/mL and marigold extract in a concentration of 50 mg/mL did not extinguish the populations of broad mite and two-spotted spider mites. Nevertheless, population growth of the broad mite was lower in plants sprayed with marigold extract; for the two spotted spider mite population, growth was lower in plants sprayed with coriander seed extract. All extracts, in all tested concentrations, showed repellency for the green peach aphid. In the evaluation of instantaneous population growth rate of the green peach aphid, only the chili pepper extract induced population decrease. In the greenhouse, none extract reduced the green peach aphid population, nevertheless, the coriander extract retarded its growth. Hydroalcoholic extracts of chili pepper seeds, coriander seed and marigold in the concentration of 10 mg/mL were selective for the predator C. externa. In general, the chili pepper, coriander and marigold hydroalcoholic extracts are promising for the control of the arthropods studied here, however, it is necessary to test higher concentrations to reduce broad mite, two-spotted spider mite and green peach aphid populations. New essays testing the concentrations that stops population growth need to be carried out, as well as the assessment of the selectivity of such concentrations for the predator C. externa.