Existe substitutibilidade entre os insumos naturais e não naturais? Evidências a partir da função CES

• Autor(a) principal: Soares, Thiago Costa
• Data de Publicação: 2012
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3273
• topic: Insumos; Função de produção; Análise fatorial; Economia ambiental; Inputs; Production function; Factor analysis; Environmental economics; CNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::ECONOMIA::CRESCIMENTO, FLUTUACOES E PLANEJAMENTO ECONOMICO::CRESCIMENTO E DESENVOLVIMENTO ECONOMICO

The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of substitution between inputs capital, labor and energy for the 80 largest economies in 2008. We tried to incorporate the individual efficiencies and estimate the production function Constant Elasticity of Substitution (CES), which relaxes the parameter of substitutability. The theoretical framework used was based on assumptions of environmental economics, especially in the Solow model (1986), Edenhofer, Bauer and Kriegler (2005) and Kemfert (1998). The methodological procedure adopted consisted in the estimation of the CES function for Nonlinear Least Squares (MQONL). Concomitantly, we used the statistical technique of factor analysis to construct an indicator relating to natural resources. And for the calculation of the individual efficiencies of factors, we used the technique Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), which allowed us to analyze the efficiency scores of nations on the use of natural and unnatural inputs. On the main results, it is worth noting that one can not reject the hypothesis that the CES function describing the world economic behavior. According to the substitute parameter estimated, the elasticity between natural and unnatural inputs is less than unity. Thus, we can say that the possibilities of exchange between the inputs are limited. Otherwise, the partial parameters estimated, it can be stated that the elasticity of substitution capital and energy is closer to the complementarily, since the value is closer to zero. Regarding the results for the model capital and labor, the evidence is practically the same. In other hand, the model energy and labor, although there is greater substitutability, isn t seems coherent to suppose a technological step backwards to the point to exchange, for example, gasoline for animal power. Therefore, the current production scheme used can be considered unsustainable because the possibilities of exchange among the inputs are relatively low and the irrational use of natural resources in this context can lead to a continuous environmental degradation and loss of welfare for future generations.