Alocação de custos de projetos entre os usuários de água em uma bacia hidrográfica

• Autor(a) principal: Leite, Gil Bracarense
• Data de Publicação: 2009
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/22
• topic: Água; Alocação de custos; Bacia hidrográfica; Water; Costs allocation; Hydrographical basin; CNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::ECONOMIA::ECONOMIAS AGRARIA E DOS RECURSOS NATURAIS::ECONOMIA DOS RECURSOS NATURAIS

The water is a natural resource of extreme importance for the life in the Earth, however, the continuous deterioration caused by the man's action has become this good more scarcer, elevating the number of conflicts due to its use around the world. This scenery indicated the need to implement efficient instruments to manage the water between its multiple uses and users. In Brazil, there was an upgrade in the practices of hydric resources management starting with the Federal Law nº 9.433/1997 that determined the water decentralized management through the creation of committees formed by representatives of several areas of the society that would be the organisms responsible for the management in the ambit of each hydrographical basin. Among the competences of the committees in its performance area, it stands out the charging establishment by the use of hydric resources and the establishment of criteria to promote the pro rata of cost of works of multiple uses. So, the improvements that shall occur in the area of a basin should be financed by the resources collected from the water users . The values to be charged from each user and the total to be collected will be linked to the multiple projects of improvement that can be accomplished simultaneously. With that, the objective of this work was to analyze the costs allocation among the demanding sectors of water of multiple projects of improvement related to the development of the hydric resources in a hydrographical basin. It was taken as an example the Paraíba do Sul river basin (BRPS), one of the most important in the Brazilian territory, located in the states of São Paulo, Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro, and as criteria of costs allocation it had been used, the volumes of captured and consumed water, besides the amount launched from the effluents. The used methodology consisted on the allocation rule known as Shapley Value, belonging to the cooperative branch of the game theory. It has been proposed a weighted Shapley Value so that the three criteria could be considered simultaneously, however, a higher weight was attributed to the criterion of the effluents launching, since the pollution of the waters is the problem of higher relevance in this basin. Two applications of this methodology were accomplished: one for the totality of BRPS and the other for the seven areas that compose it. In the case of the basin as a whole, the found values indicated that the urban users should pay a rate of 0,0360 R$/m3 that would make them assume with the biggest part of the costs (88,40%), since these are the users that most launch effluents, while the urban and agricultural sectors would pay a rate (0,0013 R$/m3 for both) that would allow them to cover substantially lower portions of the costs (2,38 and 9,22%, respectively). For its time, the results for the seven areas that compose BRPS showed a similar behavior: higher rates and higher percentage in the covering of the costs for the urban sector, in consequence, again, for the fact that in all those areas this sector answers for the absolute majority of the effluents launched amount. Although, characteristics related with areas of strong agricultural or industrial presence, were, in certain degree, considered by the increase of the percentile of these sectors in the cost to be allocated. As the outcomes of the Shapley Value application differ of the existent values for charging by the use of water in BRPS it was concluded that the users have not been charged properly, in consequence of the costs generated by the pollution of the waters.