Fontes de carbono e minerais na solubilização de fosfato natural não reativo por Aspergillus niger

• Autor(a) principal: Oliveira, Samantha Caixeta de
• Data de Publicação: 2011
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5344
• topic: Solubilização; Fosfato; Aspergillus niger; Solubilization; Phosphate; Aspergillus niger; CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::MICROBIOLOGIA::BIOLOGIA E FISIOLOGIA DOS MICROORGANISMOS

The low reactivity of Brazilian rock phosphates (RPs) is the most significant obstacle for the direct application of these minerals in the soil since they are frequently incapable of releasing sufficient phosphorus (P) to the plants. The use of phosphatesolubilizing fungi has been considered as a sustainable, low-cost technology, capable of increasing the efficiency of RPs and allowing their direct use by farmers. The objective of this work was to select fungal isolate capable of solubilizing non-reactive RPs and to study the influence of cultivation conditions on phosphate solubilization in liquid medium and in a solid state fermentation (SSF) system with sugarcane bagasse as substrate. Aspergillus niger FS1 presented the highest ability to solubilize Araxá, Catalão, and Patos de Minas RPs, solubilizing 33 %, 25 %, and 38 %, respectively, after 7 days of incubation in liquid medium. Thus, A niger FS1 and Patos de Minas RP were selected for the next experiments. The influence of two carbon sources, glucose and sucrose, and of two nitrogen sources, ammonium sulfate and sodium nitrate, on Patos de Minas solubilization in a SSF system was also tested. The highest values for soluble P were obtained in the presence of glucose or sucrose in the absence of the nitrogen sources tested. The addition of either glucose or sucrose to the SSF system, in the absence of N sources, led to an average solubilization of Patos de Minas RP of 85 %. The isolate FS1 was also shown to oxidize elemental sulfur (S°) in the culture medium at 1% (w/v) resulting in a S-SO4 2- concentration of 294 mg L-1. The influence of sucrose, ethanol, and S° on RP solubilization was subsequently tested. RP solubilization was influenced only by the sucrose concentrations. Soluble P increased as the sucrose concentrations increased up to 7.3 g L-1 leading to an estimate of 95 % solubilization after 15 days of incubation. The solubilization efficiency per gram of biomass (EPB) increased as the mineral nutrient concentrations were decreased in the Czapeck culture medium. After seven days of incubation, EPB obtained in the medium without minerals was approximately five times higher than that obtained with the original concentration of mineral nutrients in the Czapeck medium. The fungal response to the nutritional stress was also studied by transferring the fungal biomass to a new medium containing minerals (original Czapeck) and to another without minerals. The biomass produced in the absence of minerals was lower than that produced in the original Czapeck. However, the EPB obtained under the first condition was higher than in the second. Thus, the higher EPB observed in the medium without minerals compensated the lower biomass obtained. From the 2nd day after biomass transfer, the estimated soluble P was the same in both media and, at the end of five days of incubation, the estimated solubilized P corresponded to 76 %.