Parasitóide de pupas Trichospilus diatraeae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae): desenvolvimento e reprodução em lepidópteros-praga do dendezeiro

• Autor(a) principal: Ribeiro, Rafael Coelho
• Data de Publicação: 2010
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3916
• topic: Controle biológico aplicado; Elaeis guineensis; Lepidoptera; Pragas do dendezeiro; Control biological applied; Elaeis guineensis; Lepidoptera; Pests of oil palm; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOSSANIDADE::ENTOMOLOGIA AGRICOLA

The African palm or oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is a plant of African origin and considered the major industrialized activity in humid areas, similar in Amazon area. The expansion of oil palm, especially in northern region of Brazil, has presented more phytosanitary problems, including the caterpillars defoliating Brassolis sophorae L. Opsiphanes invirae Hübner (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) and borers-of-strain Eupalamides cyparissias cyparissias (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Castniidae), weeds and more frequent in the State of Pará. This study aimed to evaluate the potential Trichospilus diatraeae Cherian & Margabandhu (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in pupae of O. invirae, B. sophorae and E. cyparissias cyparissias under laboratory conditions. This research was conducted in the laboratory of Plant Complex Agropalma in Thailand city, southeast of Pará State in a room temperature of 25 ± 2 ºC, relative humidity of 70 ± 10% and photophase of 12 hours. The potential of parasitism and progeny production of T. diatraeae in pupae of three species of lepidopteran pests on the cultivation of oil palm, showed that this parasitoid was parasite and progeny produced in pupae of defoliating B. sophorae and O. invirae. The second study was evaluated the reproductive features of T. diatraeae in defoliating species of oil palm (B. sophorae and O. invirae). Results showing that the rate of parasitism and progeny emergence of T. diatraeae pupae was similar in both species. The life cycle of T. diatraeae was lower in pupae of O. invirae (21.50 ± 0.42 days) than in B. sophorae (27.60 ± 1.80 days), but the amount of progeny (669.00 ± 89.62) and dead immature (217.13 ± 58.18) were higher in B. sophorae than in O. invirae (447.83 ± 51.52 and 13.50 ± 5.23), respectively. The sex ratio, longevity of females and males of T. diatraeae were similar in both species were tested. In the third study, the influence of T. diatraeae female age with 12-24, 24- 48, 48-72 and 72 to 96 hours of life was assessed in the reproductive performance of parasitoids in pupae of B. sophorae. Female ages did not affect on parasitism rate of T. diatraeae in B. sophorae pupae, but the emergence of progeny was higher in pupae parasitized by females with 48 to 72 and 72 to 96 hours (70 and 60%) than those parasitized by females between 12 and 24 and 24 to 48 hours old with 20 and 20 %, respectively. The age of T. diatraeae affected on fecundity, the number of dead immature and sex ratio of offspring in pupae of B. sophorae. However, the age of females did not affect on the life cycle of the progeny of T. diatraeae with range from 20.0 ± 1.0 days and 23.0 ± 0.0 days, respectively. Different densities did not affect on parasitism of female T. diatraeae, but the rate of emergence and progeny were higher at 30:1 and 20:1 female/host immature parasitoid and the numbers of deaths were lower in density (1:1, 10:1, 20:1 and 30:1 females/host). The period from egg to adult offspring of T. diatraeae was similar at the different densities of females of this parasitoid. The sex ratio of offspring emerged was the lower density with 10:1 female/host. Females and males of T. diatraeae emerged from the pupae parasitized of B. sophorae were larger (body length) at densities of 20:1 and 30:1 and the head capsules of females were higher at 30:1, 20:1 and 40:1 female/host, with similar values in males. Trichospilus diatraeae was parasite and produced progeny in pupae of B. sophorae and O. invirae, but pupae of B. sophorae were more suitable for producing larger number of offspring of this parasitoid. The best period of reproductive females of T. diatraeae parasitoid in pupae of B. sophorae was between 48 to 96 hours of life at a density of 20 or 30 females/host that provides the highest rates of parasitism, emergence and larger individuals of this parasitoid. The parasitoid T. diatraeae has been good potential to control lepidopteran defoliator pests of oil palm.