Candeias (Eremanthus sp.): espacialização e interações ambientais no município de Mariana (MG)

• Autor(a) principal: Faria, Maola Monique
• Data de Publicação: 2012
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5493
• topic: Compactação; Densidade de plantas; Déficit de saturação de C; Compaction; Plant density; Deficit saturation C; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::CIENCIA DO SOLO

The remaining forests of Minas Gerais harbor great wealth and diversity of native plant species, among these the genus Eremanthus sp., Popularly known as candeia stand out. This grows on shallow soils are not very fertile and yielding pure stands, called monodominant. Its occurrence is also recorded within forests after some disturbance with consequent gap formation, since this is heliophile. The candeia has a high economic potential. Its wood has high durability and can be used as fence posts and also in construction. It also has a substance known as α-bisabolol, essential oil, which has properties antiflogísticas, antibacterial, antifungal and dermatology. The study of the remaining monodominados candeia is needed, since its exploitation and commercialization of its products have been accomplished without the implementation of a management plan that efficiently prime for conservation of the species. This study aims to: classify land use in the northern municipality of Mariana (MG) with a focus on the areas covered by candeia (Eremanthus sp.); Evaluate the influence of environmental factors on the distribution of areas of natural occurrence of candeia in the northern municipality of Mariana (MG); analyze nutrient cycling in mounds on different substrates Quadrilatero Ferrifero in forest systems monodominant of a candeia. We used four images RapidEye's northern municipality of Mariana (MG), with radiometric and geometric corrections. The basemap contains the vector files extracted from highways and hydrography of letters planialtimétricas IBGE. We tested two algorithms for image classification, as follows: MaxVer and SVM employing the software interface of ArcGIS 10 and Envi 4.8. We tested 51 combinations of bands, involving compositions of image RapidEye multispectral bands, two and three principal components of the image (PCAc12 and PCAc123) and NDVI to assess what the best combination for differentiating areas under monodominance candeia of the other classes land use. For the inventory of forest areas under monodominance of a candeia sampled up to 6800 m² candeiais totaling seventeen parcels where the circumferences were measured at 1.30 m above the ground with all CAP stems> 15.7 cm. The total height of each stem was estimated with the aid of a calibrated rod. The parametric structure of the vegetation was analyzed in terms of the forecast variables: number of trees per hectare and basal area. The information in the inventory of the plots for the number of individuals and basal area coverage value, chemical and physical characteristics of the soil, were gathered into a single array analysis, and the data subjected to multivariate statistical techniques. In each of the seventeen areas of natural occurrence of a candeia, a composite sample was collected from surface soil samples and three of the outer wall of termite mounds in each of the areas, which were subjected to physical and chemical analysis routine. The physical and chemical properties of soils of the plots and mounds of each of the fragments were compared by applying the statistical test t. For each mound sampled was calculated relative increment (IC) of the physical and chemical attributes evaluated in relation to the surrounding soil. Regression equation was adjusted between the values observed in soil vs IC for the chemical and physical soil. Tests were performed Spearman correlation between the following physical and chemical properties: pH, P, OM, t e percentage clay soils to the fragments of a candeia and the ground of the external walls of the termites. And the values of Kappa conditional Kappa obtained from different classifiers and different combinations of bands were compared by applying the test statistic z (α = 95%). The ratings obtained from the Maxver algorithm are higher than those obtained from SVM. The information extracted from the thematic map possibly indicate that 29.76% of the study area, approximately 25,320.85 hectares, is covered by a candeia in monodominance. In plots inventoried's low diversity. In forest fragments studied, the lamp has high dominance, frequency and density. The study showed that candeiais are installed in soils with low nutrient content marked where the sum of base and base saturation are markedly lower. The variables, sum of bases, base saturation and number of individuals allowed to group the fragments evaluated in three groups. The figures show that the relative increase in clay soil with less than 15%, the capability of selecting the final particles is greater by termites. The outer walls of the nests differ environment of its surroundings by higher accumulation of organic matter and nutrients, and this accumulation more evident for Ca and Mg. Organic matter is primarily responsible for the relative increase of nutrients in mounds.