Land use systems in the Amazon: Impacts on ant biodiversity
Autor(a) principal: | |
---|---|
Data de Publicação: | 2010 |
Tipo de documento: | Tese |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV |
Texto Completo: | http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/884 |
Resumo: | Tropical forests cover less than two percent of the surface of the Earth but they host an estimated 50 percent of terrestrial species on the planet. The Amazon region, in particular, is the largest reservoir of biodiversity in the world, home to more than 40,000 described vascular plant species, more than half of the described animal species in the world and major river basins that contain an extraordinarily high diversity of fresh water organisms. The great diversity of the Amazon is highly threatened by deforestation. Agriculture and cattle ranching are the primary causes of deforestation in the region, with cattle ranching accounting for 65 to 70% of forest clearings, small-scale agriculture for 20- 25% and large-scale agriculture for another 5-10%. There are many different land use systems in the Amazon region and most of them do not have any sustainable management planning. As these different systems -- agriculture, forestry and livestock -- get establish and fragment the forest and other natural ecosystems like the cerrado, it is important to understand the structure and dynamics of the biodiversity that colonize these land-use systems. That knowledge will allow us to measure the impacts on biodiversity of the various production systems as well as the tradeoffs and potential synergies regarding production and conservation objectives. Studies of biodiversity have often used a variety of taxonomic groups as indicators. Ants are often used as bioindicators of impacts on biodiversity in the tropics ecosystems because they are sensitive to anthropogenic habitat disturbances, they have complex ecological interactions with many other biotic organisms in terrestrial ecosystems and they are relatively easy to sample and identify. In this study we compare ant diversity in a variety of land use systems in the Amazon region of Brazil with the aim at identifying systems that should be promoted and those that should be avoided based on their impact on ant biodiversity. We also want to understand what are the environmental variables that support high ant biodiversity among and within each land use system. To address these questions we used seven land use systems that are found in the State of Pará in the Brazilian Amazon and that have not received much attention from the scientific community, and we sample a set of environmental variables within each system. Overall this study found that leaf litter biomass and floristic diversity of the herbaceous layer were different among all land use systems and were highly correlated with ant species richness, suggesting that they play an important role for the conservation of biodiversity of ants within the agricultural matrices found in the Amazon region. This study also found that agroforestry systems, orange orchard under organic and conventional management and native forest tree plantations (paricá) were the best land use systems (of those examined) for the conservation of ant biodiversity in region. While soybean plantations, cattle pastures, and exotic forest tree plantations (teak), were found to be the worst for ant biodiversity. From this study it is also evident that those systems that support the higher ant diversity are those that include trees (agroforestry systems, orange orchards and paricá plantations), although not all tree-base systems were beneficial for biodiversity, as demonstrated by the extremely low ant diversity found in teak plantations. Nonetheless, the presence of trees seems to contribute to biodiversity. Therefore, when making decisions regarding land use systems in the Amazon, it is important to consider systems that incorporate trees, such as diverse agroforestry systems. Furthermore, more research should be conducted on diversifying these systems to provide habitat for biodiversity, promote migration between forest fragments, ensure other ecosystem services, such as carbon sequestration and pollination services, and at the same time contribute to improve the livelihood of the people of the Amazon region. |
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Santos, Iracenir Andrade doshttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4765811U6Perfecto, IvetteCarmo, Flávia Maria da Silvahttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4727338J9Vilela, Evaldo Ferreirahttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783121J5Reis Júnior, Ronaldohttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4790473D7Zanuncio, José Colahttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4787556T2Venzon, Madelainehttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4795615T12015-03-26T12:35:53Z2011-09-282015-03-26T12:35:53Z2010-09-09SANTOS, Iracenir Andrade dos. Land use systems in the Amazon: Impacts on ant biodiversity. 2010. 150 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ciência entomológica; Tecnologia entomológica) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2010.http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/884Tropical forests cover less than two percent of the surface of the Earth but they host an estimated 50 percent of terrestrial species on the planet. The Amazon region, in particular, is the largest reservoir of biodiversity in the world, home to more than 40,000 described vascular plant species, more than half of the described animal species in the world and major river basins that contain an extraordinarily high diversity of fresh water organisms. The great diversity of the Amazon is highly threatened by deforestation. Agriculture and cattle ranching are the primary causes of deforestation in the region, with cattle ranching accounting for 65 to 70% of forest clearings, small-scale agriculture for 20- 25% and large-scale agriculture for another 5-10%. There are many different land use systems in the Amazon region and most of them do not have any sustainable management planning. As these different systems -- agriculture, forestry and livestock -- get establish and fragment the forest and other natural ecosystems like the cerrado, it is important to understand the structure and dynamics of the biodiversity that colonize these land-use systems. That knowledge will allow us to measure the impacts on biodiversity of the various production systems as well as the tradeoffs and potential synergies regarding production and conservation objectives. Studies of biodiversity have often used a variety of taxonomic groups as indicators. Ants are often used as bioindicators of impacts on biodiversity in the tropics ecosystems because they are sensitive to anthropogenic habitat disturbances, they have complex ecological interactions with many other biotic organisms in terrestrial ecosystems and they are relatively easy to sample and identify. In this study we compare ant diversity in a variety of land use systems in the Amazon region of Brazil with the aim at identifying systems that should be promoted and those that should be avoided based on their impact on ant biodiversity. We also want to understand what are the environmental variables that support high ant biodiversity among and within each land use system. To address these questions we used seven land use systems that are found in the State of Pará in the Brazilian Amazon and that have not received much attention from the scientific community, and we sample a set of environmental variables within each system. Overall this study found that leaf litter biomass and floristic diversity of the herbaceous layer were different among all land use systems and were highly correlated with ant species richness, suggesting that they play an important role for the conservation of biodiversity of ants within the agricultural matrices found in the Amazon region. This study also found that agroforestry systems, orange orchard under organic and conventional management and native forest tree plantations (paricá) were the best land use systems (of those examined) for the conservation of ant biodiversity in region. While soybean plantations, cattle pastures, and exotic forest tree plantations (teak), were found to be the worst for ant biodiversity. From this study it is also evident that those systems that support the higher ant diversity are those that include trees (agroforestry systems, orange orchards and paricá plantations), although not all tree-base systems were beneficial for biodiversity, as demonstrated by the extremely low ant diversity found in teak plantations. Nonetheless, the presence of trees seems to contribute to biodiversity. Therefore, when making decisions regarding land use systems in the Amazon, it is important to consider systems that incorporate trees, such as diverse agroforestry systems. Furthermore, more research should be conducted on diversifying these systems to provide habitat for biodiversity, promote migration between forest fragments, ensure other ecosystem services, such as carbon sequestration and pollination services, and at the same time contribute to improve the livelihood of the people of the Amazon region.As florestas tropicais cobrem menos de dois por cento da superfície da terra, mas abrigam cerca de 50% das espécies terrestres do planeta. A região Amazônica é o maior reservatório de biodiversidade no mundo com mais de 40.000 espécies de plantas vasculares descritas, mais da metade das espécies animais descritas no mundo, e a maior bacia hidrográfica com uma extraordinária alta diversidade de organismos de água doce. Porém, essa grande diversidade está altamente ameaçada pelos desmatamentos. A agricultura e a pecuária são as causas primárias do desmatamento nessa região, com a pecuária contando com 65 a 70%, a agricultura em pequena escala responsável por 20-25% e a agricultura em larga escala com outros 5-10%. Nessa região existem muitos tipos de sistemas de uso da terra e a maioria não tem nenhum plano de manejo sustentável. Como esses diferentes sistemas (agricultura, silvicultura e pecuária) são estabelecidos em áreas fragmentadas ou mesmo em sistemas naturais como o Cerrado, é importante entender a estrutura e a dinâmica das comunidades (animais e plantas) que colonizam esses agroecossistemas. Esse conhecimento nos permitirá medir os impactos sobre a biodiversidade em vários sistemas de produção, bem como o balanço e o potencial sinergético relacionado a objetivos de producão e conserservação. Estudos de biodiversidade, frequentemente, tem usado uma variedade de grupos taxonômicos como indicadores de impactos ambientais. E as formigas são frequentemente, usadas como indicadores de biodiversidade e impactos ambientais, em ecossistemas tropicais porque são sensíveis a distúrbios de habitats, tem complexas interações ecológicas com muitos organismos bióticos em ecossistemas terrestres e serem, relativamente, de fácil amostragem e identificação. Nesse estudo foi comparado a diversidade de formigas em uma variedade de agroecossistemas, na região Amazônica brasileira com o objetivo de identificar sistemas que pode ser estimulados e sistemas que devem ser evitados devido aos impactos causados sobre a biodiversidade. Esse trabalho também teve como objetivo entender quais são as variáveis ambientais que podem manter alta biodiversidade entre e dentro de cada tipo de agroecossistema. Para direcionar essas questões foram usados sete agroecossistemas no Estado do Pará, Amazônia Brasileira. Além dos sistemas de uso da terra, foram coletadas um conjunto de variáveis ambientais dentro de cada agroecossistema. No geral, esse estudo mostrou que a serapilheira e a diversidade florística foram diferentes entre todos os agroecossistemas e foram altamente correlacionados com a riqueza de espécies de formigas, sugerindo que essas variáveis desempenham importante papel para a conservação da bioiversidae de formigas dentro das matrizes agrícolas e de pecuária encontradas na região Amazônica. Esse estudo também mostrou que sistemas agroflorestais, plantações de laranjas sob manejo organico e tradicional e florestas plantadas com espécies nativas (Paricá) foram os melhores sistemas de uso para conservação da biodiversidade de formigas. Enquanto, plantações de soja, sistemas de pastagens para pecuária e florestas plantadas com espécie exótica (teca) foram os sistemas de uso da terra mais hostís a biodiversdidade de formigas. Também foi evidente que os sistemas que sustentam elevados níveis de biodiversidade são aqueles que tem componentes arbóreos (sistemas agroflorestais, plantações de laranjas e florestas plantadas com espécies nativas), embora nem todos os sistemas baseados em árvores foram benéficos para a biodiversidade de formigas, como demonstrado pela baixa diversidade de formigas encontrada em plantações de teca. No entanto, a presença de árvores parece contribuir para a biodiversidade. Portanto, nos processos de tomada de decisão sobre implantação de novos sistemas de uso da terra na Amazônia, é importante considerar sistemas que incorporem árvores, tais como sistemas agroflorestais. Além disso, mais pesquisas devem conduzidas para aumentar e diversificar os agroecossistemas que podem prover hábitats a diferentes espécies e aumentar a biodiversidade, que também possam favorecer processos migratórios entre fragmentos florestais, e assegurar outros serviços ambientais, tais como sequestro de carbono, serviços de polinização, e ao mesmo tempo melhorar a qualidade de vida das populaçõoes locais e regionais.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológicoapplication/pdfporUniversidade Federal de ViçosaDoutorado em EntomologiaUFVBRCiência entomológica; Tecnologia entomológicaEcologia de agroecossistemasEcologia da AmazôniaBioindicadorLand use systemsEcology of AmazoniaBioindicatorCNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOSSANIDADE::ENTOMOLOGIA AGRICOLALand use systems in the Amazon: Impacts on ant biodiversitySistemas de uso da terra na Amazônia: Impactos sobre a biodiversidade de formigasinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFVinstname:Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV)instacron:UFVORIGINALtexto completo.pdfapplication/pdf5599378https://locus.ufv.br//bitstream/123456789/884/1/texto%20completo.pdfa38d51b9fe67410217b0bf73ec5ffc4dMD51THUMBNAILtexto completo.pdf.jpgtexto completo.pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg3716https://locus.ufv.br//bitstream/123456789/884/2/texto%20completo.pdf.jpg6833fce407858a579a75b7b0e6062f04MD52123456789/8842016-06-09 08:19:22.077oai:locus.ufv.br:123456789/884Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttps://www.locus.ufv.br/oai/requestfabiojreis@ufv.bropendoar:21452016-06-09T11:19:22LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV - Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV)false |
dc.title.en.fl_str_mv |
Land use systems in the Amazon: Impacts on ant biodiversity |
dc.title.alternative.eng.fl_str_mv |
Sistemas de uso da terra na Amazônia: Impactos sobre a biodiversidade de formigas |
title |
Land use systems in the Amazon: Impacts on ant biodiversity |
spellingShingle |
Land use systems in the Amazon: Impacts on ant biodiversity Santos, Iracenir Andrade dos Ecologia de agroecossistemas Ecologia da Amazônia Bioindicador Land use systems Ecology of Amazonia Bioindicator CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOSSANIDADE::ENTOMOLOGIA AGRICOLA |
title_short |
Land use systems in the Amazon: Impacts on ant biodiversity |
title_full |
Land use systems in the Amazon: Impacts on ant biodiversity |
title_fullStr |
Land use systems in the Amazon: Impacts on ant biodiversity |
title_full_unstemmed |
Land use systems in the Amazon: Impacts on ant biodiversity |
title_sort |
Land use systems in the Amazon: Impacts on ant biodiversity |
author |
Santos, Iracenir Andrade dos |
author_facet |
Santos, Iracenir Andrade dos |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.authorLattes.por.fl_str_mv |
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4765811U6 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Santos, Iracenir Andrade dos |
dc.contributor.advisor-co1.fl_str_mv |
Perfecto, Ivette |
dc.contributor.advisor-co2.fl_str_mv |
Carmo, Flávia Maria da Silva |
dc.contributor.advisor-co2Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4727338J9 |
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv |
Vilela, Evaldo Ferreira |
dc.contributor.advisor1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783121J5 |
dc.contributor.referee1.fl_str_mv |
Reis Júnior, Ronaldo |
dc.contributor.referee1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4790473D7 |
dc.contributor.referee2.fl_str_mv |
Zanuncio, José Cola |
dc.contributor.referee2Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4787556T2 |
dc.contributor.referee3.fl_str_mv |
Venzon, Madelaine |
dc.contributor.referee3Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4795615T1 |
contributor_str_mv |
Perfecto, Ivette Carmo, Flávia Maria da Silva Vilela, Evaldo Ferreira Reis Júnior, Ronaldo Zanuncio, José Cola Venzon, Madelaine |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Ecologia de agroecossistemas Ecologia da Amazônia Bioindicador |
topic |
Ecologia de agroecossistemas Ecologia da Amazônia Bioindicador Land use systems Ecology of Amazonia Bioindicator CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOSSANIDADE::ENTOMOLOGIA AGRICOLA |
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv |
Land use systems Ecology of Amazonia Bioindicator |
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOSSANIDADE::ENTOMOLOGIA AGRICOLA |
description |
Tropical forests cover less than two percent of the surface of the Earth but they host an estimated 50 percent of terrestrial species on the planet. The Amazon region, in particular, is the largest reservoir of biodiversity in the world, home to more than 40,000 described vascular plant species, more than half of the described animal species in the world and major river basins that contain an extraordinarily high diversity of fresh water organisms. The great diversity of the Amazon is highly threatened by deforestation. Agriculture and cattle ranching are the primary causes of deforestation in the region, with cattle ranching accounting for 65 to 70% of forest clearings, small-scale agriculture for 20- 25% and large-scale agriculture for another 5-10%. There are many different land use systems in the Amazon region and most of them do not have any sustainable management planning. As these different systems -- agriculture, forestry and livestock -- get establish and fragment the forest and other natural ecosystems like the cerrado, it is important to understand the structure and dynamics of the biodiversity that colonize these land-use systems. That knowledge will allow us to measure the impacts on biodiversity of the various production systems as well as the tradeoffs and potential synergies regarding production and conservation objectives. Studies of biodiversity have often used a variety of taxonomic groups as indicators. Ants are often used as bioindicators of impacts on biodiversity in the tropics ecosystems because they are sensitive to anthropogenic habitat disturbances, they have complex ecological interactions with many other biotic organisms in terrestrial ecosystems and they are relatively easy to sample and identify. In this study we compare ant diversity in a variety of land use systems in the Amazon region of Brazil with the aim at identifying systems that should be promoted and those that should be avoided based on their impact on ant biodiversity. We also want to understand what are the environmental variables that support high ant biodiversity among and within each land use system. To address these questions we used seven land use systems that are found in the State of Pará in the Brazilian Amazon and that have not received much attention from the scientific community, and we sample a set of environmental variables within each system. Overall this study found that leaf litter biomass and floristic diversity of the herbaceous layer were different among all land use systems and were highly correlated with ant species richness, suggesting that they play an important role for the conservation of biodiversity of ants within the agricultural matrices found in the Amazon region. This study also found that agroforestry systems, orange orchard under organic and conventional management and native forest tree plantations (paricá) were the best land use systems (of those examined) for the conservation of ant biodiversity in region. While soybean plantations, cattle pastures, and exotic forest tree plantations (teak), were found to be the worst for ant biodiversity. From this study it is also evident that those systems that support the higher ant diversity are those that include trees (agroforestry systems, orange orchards and paricá plantations), although not all tree-base systems were beneficial for biodiversity, as demonstrated by the extremely low ant diversity found in teak plantations. Nonetheless, the presence of trees seems to contribute to biodiversity. Therefore, when making decisions regarding land use systems in the Amazon, it is important to consider systems that incorporate trees, such as diverse agroforestry systems. Furthermore, more research should be conducted on diversifying these systems to provide habitat for biodiversity, promote migration between forest fragments, ensure other ecosystem services, such as carbon sequestration and pollination services, and at the same time contribute to improve the livelihood of the people of the Amazon region. |
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2010 |
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2010-09-09 |
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2011-09-28 2015-03-26T12:35:53Z |
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2015-03-26T12:35:53Z |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
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doctoralThesis |
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dc.identifier.citation.fl_str_mv |
SANTOS, Iracenir Andrade dos. Land use systems in the Amazon: Impacts on ant biodiversity. 2010. 150 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ciência entomológica; Tecnologia entomológica) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2010. |
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http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/884 |
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SANTOS, Iracenir Andrade dos. Land use systems in the Amazon: Impacts on ant biodiversity. 2010. 150 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ciência entomológica; Tecnologia entomológica) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2010. |
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa |
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Ciência entomológica; Tecnologia entomológica |
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa |
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