Avaliação de impactos ambientais da inovação tecnológica na colheita florestal

• Autor(a) principal: Freitas, Luís Carlos de
• Data de Publicação: 2008
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/526
• topic: Colheita florestal; Inovação tecnológica; Impactos ambientais; Forest harvesting; Technological innovation; Environmental impact; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::RECURSOS FLORESTAIS E ENGENHARIA FLORESTAL::MANEJO FLORESTAL

In considering the development of forest harvesting in the country, it is observed that the progress was very big. Since the 60's until the present day there were many changes occurred in this sector, with the operations evolved from a manual process for the semimechanized, became in recent decades a significant aspect in terms of mechanization. Thus, becomes of great importance research that comes to diagnosis the impact profile inserted in the process of technological innovation on forest harvesting. The objective of this work was to evaluate the environment impact of the technological progress on forest harvesting. It was used a knowing to evaluate the environment impact of technological innovation in farm and agriculture (AGRO- AMBITEC), developed by EMBRAPA. This methodology evaluate the environment development of a specific technology in relation to that previously established one. The AMBITEC system was directed to an assessment of environmental impacts from the technological advances in forest harvesting. It was evaluated the environmental impacts in the following subsystems: chainsaw + cable skidding (before the innovation) in relation chainsaw + Track Skidder (after innovation); chainsaw + Forwarder (before the innovation) in relation Feller Buncher + Clambunk Skidder (after innovation); chainsaw + Forwarder (before the innovation) in relation Harvester + Forwarder (after innovation) and chainsaw + manual rolling (before the innovation) in relation chainsaw + yarding (after innovation). It were elaborate nine weighting matrices, being three related to the physical aspect (indicators: air, soil and water), two related to biotic aspect (indicators: flora and fauna) and four to the antropic aspect (indicators: landscaping, management, health and employment). This matrices were met by a training technical in forest harvesting, being one with technical formation in environment, one wich postgraduate studies in environmental management and one (1) with training in Forest Engineering, with graduate studies in forest science. Each representative completed nine matrices for each of the processes of innovation assessed (Table 1). The matrices was considered in relation to the scale of occurrence and factor of importance. The coefficient of environmental impact resulted from the product of the weighting factors for the coefficient of alteration (Table 2). The weighting factors was restricted to a scale of -15 to +15, capturing the positive and negative changes offered by technological diversification in sub evaluated. The indicators were also considered for determining the rate of overall impact. The average balance of the environmental impact of the change when the subsystem chainsaw cut + Forwarder to Feller Buncher + Clambunk Skidder, was negative for 66.67% of the indicators analyzed. For the subsystem chainsaw cut + manual rolling in relation chainsaw cut + yarding, the average balance of the environmental impact resulting from the process of innovation, was positive for 55.55% of the indicators. The replacement of cable skidding to Track Skidder in the drag provided, on average, environmental improvements in relation to 77.78% of the indicators. The change of forwarding to drag (replacing the Forwarder by Clambunk Skidder) provided significant damage on some components of the indicator flora (shrubs and planted vegetation). The index of overall impact, although not very expressive, was positive for the four processes of innovation in the study, thus indicating that the adoption of technological progress has proportionate improvements in the ambient context.