Desempenho produtivo e parâmetros agrometeorológicos da palma forrageira, clone Orelha de Elefante Mexicana, no Semiárido brasileiro

• Autor(a) principal: Queiroz, Maria Gabriela de
• Data de Publicação: 2014
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5279
• topic: Palmeira; Consumo hídrico; Viabilidade econômica; Produtividade; Palm; Water consumption; Economic viability; Productivity; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::AGROMETEOROLOGIA

This study aimed to analyze the effect of different water depths on growth performance and of productivity of forage cactus, cv. IPA/200016 Orelha of Elefante Mexicana, aiming to quantify agrometeorological parameters such as morphophysiological indexes, water consumption, crop coefficient (Kc) and performance indicators of water use. The experiment was carried in the experimental station of the Agronomic Institute of Pernambuco, in Serra Talhada - PE, Brazilian Semiarid. The evaluations were performed in the period June/2012 to June/2013, during the second year of production of the culture. The design involved randomized blocks, with four replications and five treatments represented by different water depths, calculated by the Penman-Monteith equation, parameterized in the 56 FAO Bulletin. At the end of the cycle, it was applied 976, 1048, 1096, 1152 e 1202 mm of water. The data of the meteorological variables were obtained from an automatic weather station of INMET located next to the experiment. At harvest, were made analyzes of morphological measures and plants biomass (i.e. height and plant width; number of cladodes per plant; length, width, thickness, perimeter the of cladodes, etc.). The evapotranspiration (ET) was calculated by the soil water balance method (SWB), with its components accumulated every 14 days, totalyzing 27 periods. It was determined: morphophysiological indexes (net assimilatory rate, NAR; absolute growth rate, AGR; relative growth rate, RGR; and specific cladodes area SCA); green matter yield (GM) and dry matter yield (DM) and dry matter content; crop response parameters (soil cover index, CSI; production volume index, PVI; plant cladodes distribution index, PCDI; and, photosynthetic area distribution index, PADI); water response indexes (i.e. height and plant width per mm of evapotranspired water, etc.); crop coefficient, Kc; by the relationship between crop evapotranspiration and reference evapotranspiration; and, water use performance indicators (water use efficiency, WUE; consumptive use fraction, CF; economic water productivity, EWP; and, land economic productivity (LEPcladodes e LEPyield) based on the values of ET, rainfall, irrigation, monetary values and GM and DM yield of culture. As a result, it was found that the higher water depths did not affect the majority of the absolute values of the growth variables, morphophysiological indexes, crop response parameters, water response indexes, productive and indicators of water use efficiency (p>0,05). However, the water response indexes due to ET tended to increase with reduction of evapotranspired blade. Concerning the SWB components, only the storage variation revealed differences among treatments, with increasing accumulated values as the blades were higher. The ET and Kc of the culture were determined for the water depth of 1048 mm, which represented the inflection point of the crop productivity, providing values of 2,69 mm day-1 and 0,52, in that order. The CF was 0.90% and tended to decrease with increasing water depths, showing that, on average, only 10% of the applied quantity was not used in ET. The WUE, both GM and DM, was higher when it was considered the evapotranspired depth, in relation to the values of P+I, on average, 14,02 kg GM m-3 and 0,87 kg DM m-3, respectively. The average value of the economic water productivity (5,50 and 6,18 US$ m-3) shows that the producer will have a gross economic return of 5,50 e 6,18 dollars for each m-3 of water supplied (P+I) and evapotranspired (ET) by culture, respectively.