Modelo de suporte à avaliação do impacto do uso e manejo do solo no balanço hídrico e nas perdas de solo
Autor(a) principal: | |
---|---|
Data de Publicação: | 2009 |
Tipo de documento: | Tese |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV |
Texto Completo: | http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/668 |
Resumo: | The main form of agricultural land degradation is the soil water erosion which is caused by the action of rain and runoff, being affected by a large number of natural and antropic agents. Moreover, much of the water that flows over the soil surface represents a reduction in the volume of water that reaches the water table. The models are important tools for analysis, since they allow a better understanding of hydrological processes and the assesment of management practices and land use. The aim of this work was to develop and calibrate a hydrologic model to support the impact assessment of the use and management of soil on water availability and soil losses. In 2001, Pruski et al. proposed a hydrologic model to estimate the components of water balance in agricultural areas. The intensity of precipitation is obtained by a function derived from the i-d-f equation, resulting in a profile where the peak rainfall intensity occur in the beginning of precipitation and decreases until the end. The infiltration rate is based on the Green-Ampt-Mein-Larson (GAML) equation. A major limitation of the method is related to the precipitation intensity profile, because it is always associated with a recurrence period and does not properly represent the majority of natural rainfall. With regard to infiltration, the GAML equation is applied without adjustment of the input parameters, which can lead to errors in the infiltration estimate. To make easier the application of the hydrological model was developed a software (Simulação Hidrológica-SH2), whose main limitation is the difficulty of making continuous simulation. In this study we implemented some adjustments to the hydrological model: a) replacement of i-d-f equation by a double exponential equation to represent the precipitation profile; b) the parametrization of the GAML equation to estimate the infiltration rate; c) inclusion of the continuity equation for the simulation of the soil water erosion. The software was integrated with a weather generator (ClimaBR) to allow for daily simulation of hydrological processes, and a module for calculating the soil loss was added. For the evaluation of the model were used monthly and annual rainfall, runoff and soil loss data, obtained from four experimental plots located on the campus of the University of Santa Catarina State - UDESC, in the period from 2003 to 2008. The treatments were the soil without vegetation (SC), conventional tillage (PC), minimum tillage (CM) and no tillage (SD). The simulation was performed with two precipitation synthetic series, one set on a monthly basis (SABM) and another set on a daily basis (SABD). The combination of parameters which resulted in the best fit of the GAML equation was: the replacement of hydraulic conductivity (K0) by the constant infiltration rate (Tie); and the estimated matric potential at the wetting front as a function of hydraulic conductivity in the saturated zone ( Ψf(Kw)). The regression coefficients between the total monthly runoff observed and estimated showed the model has a tendency to underestimate the runoff during the months when major events occur, and to overestimate during the months when minor events were observed. With SABD the coefficients of regression equations were better than the SABM. The model underestimated the average annual runoff for SC, PC and CM, but overestimated for SD. However, were not found statistically significant differences between the observed average annual runoff and average annual runoff estimated by the model. The values of r2 were low. There was no statistically significant difference between the average soil loss rate observed and estimated by the model for the soil without vegetation (SC), but was significant for the other soil tillage. |
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Mello, Eloy Lemos dehttp://lattes.cnpq.br/2106300099734952Rodrigues, Lineu Neivahttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4797462T5Ribeiro, Aristideshttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4763274T3Pruski, Fernando Falcohttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4727304E8Montenegro, Abelardo Antônio de Assunçãohttp://lattes.cnpq.br/7947714302950574Silva, Ênio Farias de França ehttp://lattes.cnpq.br/1144266495720148Bertol, Ildegardishttp://lattes.cnpq.br/54836849107222892015-03-26T12:31:11Z2011-04-012015-03-26T12:31:11Z2009-09-22MELLO, Eloy Lemos de. Model to support the impact of the soil use and management on water balance and soil losses. 2009. 76 f. Tese (Doutorado em Construções rurais e ambiência; Energia na agricultura; Mecanização agrícola; Processamento de produ) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2009.http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/668The main form of agricultural land degradation is the soil water erosion which is caused by the action of rain and runoff, being affected by a large number of natural and antropic agents. Moreover, much of the water that flows over the soil surface represents a reduction in the volume of water that reaches the water table. The models are important tools for analysis, since they allow a better understanding of hydrological processes and the assesment of management practices and land use. The aim of this work was to develop and calibrate a hydrologic model to support the impact assessment of the use and management of soil on water availability and soil losses. In 2001, Pruski et al. proposed a hydrologic model to estimate the components of water balance in agricultural areas. The intensity of precipitation is obtained by a function derived from the i-d-f equation, resulting in a profile where the peak rainfall intensity occur in the beginning of precipitation and decreases until the end. The infiltration rate is based on the Green-Ampt-Mein-Larson (GAML) equation. A major limitation of the method is related to the precipitation intensity profile, because it is always associated with a recurrence period and does not properly represent the majority of natural rainfall. With regard to infiltration, the GAML equation is applied without adjustment of the input parameters, which can lead to errors in the infiltration estimate. To make easier the application of the hydrological model was developed a software (Simulação Hidrológica-SH2), whose main limitation is the difficulty of making continuous simulation. In this study we implemented some adjustments to the hydrological model: a) replacement of i-d-f equation by a double exponential equation to represent the precipitation profile; b) the parametrization of the GAML equation to estimate the infiltration rate; c) inclusion of the continuity equation for the simulation of the soil water erosion. The software was integrated with a weather generator (ClimaBR) to allow for daily simulation of hydrological processes, and a module for calculating the soil loss was added. For the evaluation of the model were used monthly and annual rainfall, runoff and soil loss data, obtained from four experimental plots located on the campus of the University of Santa Catarina State - UDESC, in the period from 2003 to 2008. The treatments were the soil without vegetation (SC), conventional tillage (PC), minimum tillage (CM) and no tillage (SD). The simulation was performed with two precipitation synthetic series, one set on a monthly basis (SABM) and another set on a daily basis (SABD). The combination of parameters which resulted in the best fit of the GAML equation was: the replacement of hydraulic conductivity (K0) by the constant infiltration rate (Tie); and the estimated matric potential at the wetting front as a function of hydraulic conductivity in the saturated zone ( Ψf(Kw)). The regression coefficients between the total monthly runoff observed and estimated showed the model has a tendency to underestimate the runoff during the months when major events occur, and to overestimate during the months when minor events were observed. With SABD the coefficients of regression equations were better than the SABM. The model underestimated the average annual runoff for SC, PC and CM, but overestimated for SD. However, were not found statistically significant differences between the observed average annual runoff and average annual runoff estimated by the model. The values of r2 were low. There was no statistically significant difference between the average soil loss rate observed and estimated by the model for the soil without vegetation (SC), but was significant for the other soil tillage.A principal forma de degradação das terras agrícolas é a erosão hídrica do solo, que é causada pela ação da chuva e do escoamento superficial, sendo afetada por um grande número de agentes naturais e antrópicos. Além disso, grande parte da água que escoa sobre a superfície do solo representa uma redução do volume de água que atinge o lençol freático. Os modelos são ferramentas de análise importantes, uma vez que permitem uma melhor compreensão dos processos hidrológicos, a análise do desempenho de práticas de manejo e uso do solo. Assim sendo, o objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver e calibrar um modelo hidrológico de suporte à avaliação do impacto do uso e manejo do solo na disponibilidade de água e nas perdas de solo. Em 2001, Pruski et al. propuseram um modelo hidrológico que permite estimar os componentes do balanço hídrico em áreas agrícolas. A intensidade de precipitação é obtida por uma função derivada da equação de chuvas intensas, resultando em um perfil de precipitação onde a intensidade máxima ocorre no início da chuva e decresce até o final. A taxa de infiltração se baseia no modelo de Green-Ampt modificado por Mein-Larson (GAML). Uma das principais limitações do método está relacionada ao perfil de precipitação, pois o mesmo está sempre associado a um período de retorno e não representa adequadamente a maioria das chuvas naturais. No que diz respeito à infiltração, a equação GAML é aplicada sem ajuste dos parâmetros de entrada, o que pode levar a erros consideráveis na estimativa da infiltração. Para facilitar a aplicação do modelo hidrológico foi desenvolvido um software (Simulação Hidrológica-SH2), cuja principal limitação é a dificuldade de fazer simulação contínua. Neste trabalho foram implementadas algumas adequações ao modelo hidrológico: a) substituição da equação de chuvas intensas por uma equação dupla exponencial para representar o perfil de precipitação; b) ajuste dos parâmetros da equação GAML para estimar a taxa de infiltração; c) inclusão da equação da continuidade para a simulação da erosão hídrica. No software foi implementada a integração com um gerador de séries climáticas (ClimaBR) para permitir a simulação diária dos processos hidrológicos, e a inclusão de um módulo para o cálculo da perda de solo. Para a avaliação do modelo foram utilizados dados mensais e anuais de precipitação, escoamento superficial e perda de solo, obtidos de quatro parcelas experimentais localizadas no campus da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina UDESC, em Lages (SC), no período de 2003 a 2008. Os tratamentos foram o solo sem cobertura (SC), preparo convencional (PC), cultivo mínimo (CM) e semeadura direta (SD). A simulação foi realizada com duas séries sintéticas de precipitação, uma ajustada em base mensal (SABM) e a outra ajustada em base diária (SABD). A melhor combinação de ajuste da equação GAML foi: a substituição da condutividade hidráulica (K0) pela taxa de infiltração estável (Tie), e a estimativa do potencial matricial na frente de umedecimento em função da condutividade hidráulica na zona de saturação ( Ψf(Kw)). Os coeficientes de regressão entre os valores mensais observados e o estimados mostraram que o modelo apresenta a tendência de subestimar o escoamento superficial nos meses em que ocorrem os maiores eventos, e de superestimar nos meses em que ocorrem os menores eventos observados. Com a SABD os coeficientes das equações de regressão foram melhores do que com a SABM. O modelo subestimou o escoamento médio anual para o SC, PC e CM, mas superestimou para a SD. No entanto, não houve diferença estatística significativa entre o escoamento médio anual observado e o escoamento médio anual estimado pelo modelo. Os valores de r2 para a regressão entre a perda de solo mensal observada e as perdas de solo mensais estimadas pelo modelo foram baixos. Não houve diferença estatística significativa entre a perda de solo média anual observada e a estimada pelo modelo para o solo sem cobertura (SC), mas foi significativa para os demais preparos de solo.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológicoapplication/pdfporUniversidade Federal de ViçosaDoutorado em Engenharia AgrícolaUFVBRConstruções rurais e ambiência; Energia na agricultura; Mecanização agrícola; Processamento de produEscoamento superficialModelo hidrológicoErosão hídricaDisponibilidade hídricaInfiltração da água no soloRunoffHydrological modelWater erosionwater availabilityWater infiltration into soilCNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ENGENHARIA AGRICOLAModelo de suporte à avaliação do impacto do uso e manejo do solo no balanço hídrico e nas perdas de soloModel to support the impact of the soil use and management on water balance and soil lossesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFVinstname:Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV)instacron:UFVORIGINALtexto completo.pdfapplication/pdf1048332https://locus.ufv.br//bitstream/123456789/668/1/texto%20completo.pdfd2cc8bcdce04c4c44c28d4f3c1b64a84MD51TEXTtexto completo.pdf.txttexto completo.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain138105https://locus.ufv.br//bitstream/123456789/668/2/texto%20completo.pdf.txt31630f551b5da3189c6029b6440de841MD52THUMBNAILtexto completo.pdf.jpgtexto completo.pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg3323https://locus.ufv.br//bitstream/123456789/668/3/texto%20completo.pdf.jpg036289159a56e5cd3120b42eef489b5eMD53123456789/6682017-04-19 12:35:04.142oai:locus.ufv.br:123456789/668Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttps://www.locus.ufv.br/oai/requestfabiojreis@ufv.bropendoar:21452017-04-19T15:35:04LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV - Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV)false |
dc.title.por.fl_str_mv |
Modelo de suporte à avaliação do impacto do uso e manejo do solo no balanço hídrico e nas perdas de solo |
dc.title.alternative.eng.fl_str_mv |
Model to support the impact of the soil use and management on water balance and soil losses |
title |
Modelo de suporte à avaliação do impacto do uso e manejo do solo no balanço hídrico e nas perdas de solo |
spellingShingle |
Modelo de suporte à avaliação do impacto do uso e manejo do solo no balanço hídrico e nas perdas de solo Mello, Eloy Lemos de Escoamento superficial Modelo hidrológico Erosão hídrica Disponibilidade hídrica Infiltração da água no solo Runoff Hydrological model Water erosion water availability Water infiltration into soil CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ENGENHARIA AGRICOLA |
title_short |
Modelo de suporte à avaliação do impacto do uso e manejo do solo no balanço hídrico e nas perdas de solo |
title_full |
Modelo de suporte à avaliação do impacto do uso e manejo do solo no balanço hídrico e nas perdas de solo |
title_fullStr |
Modelo de suporte à avaliação do impacto do uso e manejo do solo no balanço hídrico e nas perdas de solo |
title_full_unstemmed |
Modelo de suporte à avaliação do impacto do uso e manejo do solo no balanço hídrico e nas perdas de solo |
title_sort |
Modelo de suporte à avaliação do impacto do uso e manejo do solo no balanço hídrico e nas perdas de solo |
author |
Mello, Eloy Lemos de |
author_facet |
Mello, Eloy Lemos de |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.authorLattes.por.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/2106300099734952 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Mello, Eloy Lemos de |
dc.contributor.advisor-co1.fl_str_mv |
Rodrigues, Lineu Neiva |
dc.contributor.advisor-co1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4797462T5 |
dc.contributor.advisor-co2.fl_str_mv |
Ribeiro, Aristides |
dc.contributor.advisor-co2Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4763274T3 |
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv |
Pruski, Fernando Falco |
dc.contributor.advisor1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4727304E8 |
dc.contributor.referee1.fl_str_mv |
Montenegro, Abelardo Antônio de Assunção |
dc.contributor.referee1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/7947714302950574 |
dc.contributor.referee2.fl_str_mv |
Silva, Ênio Farias de França e |
dc.contributor.referee2Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/1144266495720148 |
dc.contributor.referee3.fl_str_mv |
Bertol, Ildegardis |
dc.contributor.referee3Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/5483684910722289 |
contributor_str_mv |
Rodrigues, Lineu Neiva Ribeiro, Aristides Pruski, Fernando Falco Montenegro, Abelardo Antônio de Assunção Silva, Ênio Farias de França e Bertol, Ildegardis |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Escoamento superficial Modelo hidrológico Erosão hídrica Disponibilidade hídrica Infiltração da água no solo |
topic |
Escoamento superficial Modelo hidrológico Erosão hídrica Disponibilidade hídrica Infiltração da água no solo Runoff Hydrological model Water erosion water availability Water infiltration into soil CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ENGENHARIA AGRICOLA |
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv |
Runoff Hydrological model Water erosion water availability Water infiltration into soil |
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ENGENHARIA AGRICOLA |
description |
The main form of agricultural land degradation is the soil water erosion which is caused by the action of rain and runoff, being affected by a large number of natural and antropic agents. Moreover, much of the water that flows over the soil surface represents a reduction in the volume of water that reaches the water table. The models are important tools for analysis, since they allow a better understanding of hydrological processes and the assesment of management practices and land use. The aim of this work was to develop and calibrate a hydrologic model to support the impact assessment of the use and management of soil on water availability and soil losses. In 2001, Pruski et al. proposed a hydrologic model to estimate the components of water balance in agricultural areas. The intensity of precipitation is obtained by a function derived from the i-d-f equation, resulting in a profile where the peak rainfall intensity occur in the beginning of precipitation and decreases until the end. The infiltration rate is based on the Green-Ampt-Mein-Larson (GAML) equation. A major limitation of the method is related to the precipitation intensity profile, because it is always associated with a recurrence period and does not properly represent the majority of natural rainfall. With regard to infiltration, the GAML equation is applied without adjustment of the input parameters, which can lead to errors in the infiltration estimate. To make easier the application of the hydrological model was developed a software (Simulação Hidrológica-SH2), whose main limitation is the difficulty of making continuous simulation. In this study we implemented some adjustments to the hydrological model: a) replacement of i-d-f equation by a double exponential equation to represent the precipitation profile; b) the parametrization of the GAML equation to estimate the infiltration rate; c) inclusion of the continuity equation for the simulation of the soil water erosion. The software was integrated with a weather generator (ClimaBR) to allow for daily simulation of hydrological processes, and a module for calculating the soil loss was added. For the evaluation of the model were used monthly and annual rainfall, runoff and soil loss data, obtained from four experimental plots located on the campus of the University of Santa Catarina State - UDESC, in the period from 2003 to 2008. The treatments were the soil without vegetation (SC), conventional tillage (PC), minimum tillage (CM) and no tillage (SD). The simulation was performed with two precipitation synthetic series, one set on a monthly basis (SABM) and another set on a daily basis (SABD). The combination of parameters which resulted in the best fit of the GAML equation was: the replacement of hydraulic conductivity (K0) by the constant infiltration rate (Tie); and the estimated matric potential at the wetting front as a function of hydraulic conductivity in the saturated zone ( Ψf(Kw)). The regression coefficients between the total monthly runoff observed and estimated showed the model has a tendency to underestimate the runoff during the months when major events occur, and to overestimate during the months when minor events were observed. With SABD the coefficients of regression equations were better than the SABM. The model underestimated the average annual runoff for SC, PC and CM, but overestimated for SD. However, were not found statistically significant differences between the observed average annual runoff and average annual runoff estimated by the model. The values of r2 were low. There was no statistically significant difference between the average soil loss rate observed and estimated by the model for the soil without vegetation (SC), but was significant for the other soil tillage. |
publishDate |
2009 |
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv |
2009-09-22 |
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv |
2011-04-01 2015-03-26T12:31:11Z |
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv |
2015-03-26T12:31:11Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
format |
doctoralThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.citation.fl_str_mv |
MELLO, Eloy Lemos de. Model to support the impact of the soil use and management on water balance and soil losses. 2009. 76 f. Tese (Doutorado em Construções rurais e ambiência; Energia na agricultura; Mecanização agrícola; Processamento de produ) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2009. |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/668 |
identifier_str_mv |
MELLO, Eloy Lemos de. Model to support the impact of the soil use and management on water balance and soil losses. 2009. 76 f. Tese (Doutorado em Construções rurais e ambiência; Energia na agricultura; Mecanização agrícola; Processamento de produ) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2009. |
url |
http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/668 |
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por |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa |
dc.publisher.program.fl_str_mv |
Doutorado em Engenharia Agrícola |
dc.publisher.initials.fl_str_mv |
UFV |
dc.publisher.country.fl_str_mv |
BR |
dc.publisher.department.fl_str_mv |
Construções rurais e ambiência; Energia na agricultura; Mecanização agrícola; Processamento de produ |
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa |
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