Ingeae Benth. (Leguminosae Mimosoideae) no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil: taxonomia, morfoanatomia de nectários extraflorais e padrões de distribuição geográfica

• Autor(a) principal: Fernandes, José Martins
• Data de Publicação: 2011
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/364
• topic: Taxonomia; Morfoanatomia; Nectários extraflorais; Padrões de distribuição; Ingeae; Taxonomy; Morphoanatomy; Extrafloral nectaries; Distribution patterns; Ingeae; CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::BOTANICA

Ingeae Benth. is one of the four tribes belonging to the subfamily Mimosoideae. This tribe includes 36 genera and about 951 species of mostly trees that have bipinnate leaves with extrafloral nectaries (EFN) and flowers with numerous monadelphous stamens. This study aimed to investigate the diversity of the tribe Ingeae in the state of Minas Gerais, providing dichotomous keys for identification of genera and specific and infraspecific taxa, morphological descriptions, illustrations and taxonomic comments; characterize anatomically and morphologically the extrafloral nectaries with application to evolution; and investigate the geographic distribution patterns, phytogeography, and use and conservation of species. The taxonomic study was carried out using materials deposited in 19 Brazilian herbaria and specimens collected from 61 areas in Minas Gerais (47 conservation units and 14 private protected areas), between January 2008 and February 2011. The specimens were collected, herborized, identified on the basis of the literature, registered and incorporated into the collection of the VIC Herbarium. The morphological study was based on vegetative and reprod uctive characters. The anatomical study was performed on six types of EFNs that have not been reported in the literature, occurring in six species of the tribe Ingeae. Fresh and dried pressed specimens from herbaria were used for the analyses. All samples were soaked in ethylenediamine, dehydrated, embedded in historesin and processed by routine methods. Light and scanning electron micrographs were used to analyze the plant material. The geographic distribution patterns and phytogeographical information were obtained from the geo-referenced collections and the information displayed on the labels of the specimens. Information on the uses of the species was obtained from the labels of the specimens and the literature. The percentage of Consensus of Main Use (cCMU) was also estimated. The conservation status of the species was established by field observation based on the IUCN criteria. It was found that the tribe Ingeae is represented in the state by 83 taxa, 79 specific and 4 infraspecific, distributed in 12 genera. The genus Inga Mill. was the most representative, with 31 taxa. The taxa Calliandra bella Benth., C. harrissi (Lindl.) Benth., C. silvicola Taub., Inga subnuda Salzm. ex Benth. subsp. subnuda, I. thibaudiana subsp. russotomentella (Malme) T. D. Penn. and Leucochloron foederale (Barneby & J.W.Grimes) Barneby & J.W.Grimes had their occurrence increased in the state. Calliandra santosiana Glaz., C. iligna Barneby and Leucochlorom minarum (Glaz. ex Harms) Barneby & J.W.Grimes had their fruits described for the first time, complementing the type material. The morphological analysis of the EFNs showed that they were flattened on the rachides or elevated. EFNs of the elevated type were sessile, subsessile, stipitate or long stipitate. The types capitate, cyathiform cylindrical, cupuliform, discoid, patelliform, flattened or verruciform are considered important for the taxonomy and evolution of the tribe. The anatomical studies showed that the EFNs in Inga capitata Desv. had no sclerenchyma fibers and a small amount of secretory and vascular tissues, while the EFNs in Inga sp3 had extensive secretory and vascular tissues, and sclerenchyma fibers. Ten geographic distribution patterns were identified, especially in South America (16 taxa), Southeast/Northeast Atlantic Brazil (13 taxa), Eastern-Center- Western Brazil (10 taxa) and Minas Gerais (10 taxa). The tribe was present in 12 mesoregions of Minas Gerais, mostly in the metropolitan Belo Horizonte (41 taxa) and Jequitinhonha (36 taxa). The Cerrado (54 taxa) and Atlantic Forest (50 taxa) were the main phytogeographic domains, standing out the semideciduous forest for its diversity (44 taxa). In Minas Gerais, 28 species were listed as used by the population, mainly distributed among Inga (10 spp) and Calliandra (5 spp.) The categories with the highest number of mentioned use were: technology (29) and ecological interaction (28). Food for birds, which was mentioned nine times and had cCMU of 30.85%, was the main use among species because of the food resources provided by the fruits of the types bacoid legume and nucoid legume. It was found that 63 taxa of Ingeae are under no threat of extinction, while 13 are under little threat of extinction and 5 had insufficient data. According to the IUCN criteria, the category of threat Critically Endangered included the largest number of taxa (6), because of their occurrence being restricted to one or two areas in the state and to fragmented areas.