Desempenho de mulheres a partir de 55 anos submetidas a diferentes protocolos de testes abdominais

• Autor(a) principal: Oliveira, Claudia Eliza Patrocinio de
• Data de Publicação: 2009
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3457
• topic: Exercícios abdominais; Mulheres; Idosos; Abdominal exercises; Women; Elderly; CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::EDUCACAO FISICA

Although emphasized the need to maintain a good level of abdominal endurance on elderly health, and the strengthening of these muscles in fitness programs geared to this population group, the tests battery to assess functional capacity of these individuals did not include abdominal endurance tests. In order to assess functional capacity in terms of physical performance, some batteries for the assessment of functional ability have been developed (American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance - AAHPERD, 1990, Andreotti and Okuma, 1999, Rikli and Jones, 1999, Matsuda 2004, Group of Latin American Development to Maturity - GDLAM, 2004). Although their tests covering the evaluation of various physical valences, none of them is exclusively for evaluating abdominal muscles endurance. The literature suggests that some components of musculoskeletal fitness, particularly the abdominal muscles endurance, have a predictive relationship with mortality in the population, especially that of the elderly segment (Katzmarzyk and Craig, 2002). These are reasons for performing this work, namely the emphasis on the importance of abdominal muscles and the absence of tests recommendation and information to assess the same segment in the adult and elderly, as literature. Added to this the need for descriptive studies and exploratory, seeking an overview, type approximation, the performance of adult and elderly women, testing for abdominal engaged in physical activity programs, whose knowledge of reality is well explored and explained. For this study we adopted the concept of endurance as the ability of a muscle or muscle group to produce tension in the action of push, pull or lift, and the resistance-force the ability to continue the effort for as long as possible and force-power as the ability to produce force in the smallest unit of time possible (TUBINO and MOREIRA, 2003). In this light, this study was to evaluate the performance and suitability of abdominal tests, applied to adults and the elderly, and compare the results with heart rate monitoring, blood pressure, perceived exertion, pain referred to osteopathic and body composition . To this end, we carried out four surveys, divided into four chapters. Chapter 1 includes a literature review, through which it attempts to make the following types of approaches: a) anatomical, focusing on the proximal and distal insertions, as well as the functional aspect of each muscle that is the abdominal wall, b) physiological addressing the influence of function of the fitness level of muscles, c) motor, focusing on the ability to drive action of the abdominal muscles as well as their involvement in the dynamic body d) biomechanics, which focused on the angular and linear kinetic chains, involved in abdominal muscle mechanical e) electromyographic, especially the rectus abdominis, trying to get better information to the knowledge of even and adequate prescription of abdominal exercises, and a survey on the neuromotor control of abdominal muscles in various tasks. All the approaches outlined in this chapter add important information to the foundation of research conducted in this study and discussion of the results thereof. Chapter 2 describes the pilot study, whose objective was to evaluate five protocols abdominal reported in the literature: 1) partial flexion of the trunk and hands slip of 7.6 cm (Magnusdottir and ROBERTSON, 1987), 2) partial flexion of the trunk and hands on the thighs (SYDNEY and Jett, 1990), 3) partial flexion of the trunk in his arms and hands (Cooper, 1992), 4) partial flexion of the trunk and hands elbows (KNUDSON and Johnston, 1995) and 5) flexion of the partial sliding stem 12 cm of hands (SYDNEY and Jett, 1990). The application of these protocols was to verify the body physiological burden imposed by each protocol in terms of heart rate, blood pressure, perceived exertion and pain referred to osteopathic spine during execution. From cardiorespiratory point of view everyone was safe. As for performance, considering as criteria the number of valid attempts, protocols 3, 4 and 5 show to be inadequate for the purpose of evaluating both resistance and power forces of the abdominal muscles. Only protocols 1 and 2 were validated attempts. Chapter 3 aimed to evaluate the performance of adult women and two elderly women undergoing abdominal protocols, previously tested in a pilot study - partial flexion of the trunk and hand slip of 7.6 cm (and ROBERTSON Magnusdottir, 1987) and partial flexion of the trunk and hands on your thighs (SYDNEY and Jett, 1990), and compare the results with anthropometric variables (BMI, WHR, and waist circumference) and flexibility. The results showed that the test proposed by SYDNEY and Jett (1990) was what allowed more individuals performed at least worth a try. Also showed that the parameters analyzed did not affect the performance evaluated against the achievement of the abdominal protocols. Chapter 4 was conducted with 185 women, attempted to assess the suitability of the protocol of partial flexion of the trunk and hands on your thighs (SYDNEY and Jett, 1990), and an adaptation of it to the target population research, and compare the result both anthropometric parameters predetermined. The adaptation was the change in location from the top edge of patella, the point to be reached by the distal phalanges of the fingers on both tests, that the attempt to be valid. It was oncluded that the test proposed in the literature is less appropriate for the population studied and the anthropometric parameters also seem to interfere with the performance, but recommends caution in the statement of the adapted test, since many factors, not just those related to composition body can influence the results.