Perdas na ensilagem e desempenho de bovinos de corte suplementados com dietas contendo silagem de capim-marandu em duas idades de rebrotação tratadas com inoculante bacteriano
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2011 |
Tipo de documento: | Tese |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV |
Texto Completo: | http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/1771 |
Resumo: | Three experiments were carried out to evaluate intake and the partial and total nutrient apparent digestibilities, nitrogen compounds balance, microbial efficiency, rumen traits and the performance of beef cattle fed diets based on Brachiaria brizantha cv Marandu at two ages of regrowth with and without microbial inoculant Sil ALL C4 (Alltech Brazil), as well as to determine losses and the chemical composition of these silages. In Experiment 1, it was evaluated fermentation profile, chemical composition, the losses and recovery of dry matter of Marandu grass silages at two ages of regrowth (35 and 70 days), with and without inoculation by using 18-L buckets. A 2 × 2 scheme was used (two regrowth ages × with and without inoculation) in a complete random experimental design with five replications. It was observed an effect of age at regrowth × inoculant on the dry matter (DM) content. For contents of neutral detergent insoluble fiber corrected for ash and protein (NDFap), acid detergent insoluble fiber (ADF), crude protein (CP) and acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN), effect was observed only on regrowth age. Concentrations of lactic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid were influenced by the interaction age × regrowth inoculant (P <0.05) and the greatest value of lactic acid in silage plants cut at 70 days of regrowth was recorded. It was observed effect of the (P <0.05) age × inoculant regrowth interaction on the gas production. For effluent production, it was observed age effect, with the greatest value in the silage plants cut at 70 days of regrowth. On the other hand, dry matter recovery was influenced by inoculant (P <0.05) and the age at regrowth (P <0.05), with the greatest values found in the inoculated silage and in that of plants harvested at 70 days regrowth. In Experiment 2, it was used 32 crossbred Holstein-Zebu (HxZ) bulls, with average initial body weight (IBW) of 364 ± 20.00 kg. The animals were distributed in a 2×2 factorial design in seven randomized blocks to evaluate intake, nutrient digestibility and production performance. The diets consisted of 50% Marandu grass silage and 50% of concentrate at the dry matter basis. The silages from plants cut at 35 and 70 days, additived or not with inoculant. There was no effect (P> 0.05) of diets on nutrient intake, except for neutral detergent insoluble fiber (NDF), which was affected by the age of regrowth. Total nutrient digestibility, average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion (FC) and carcass dressing (CD) were not affected (P> 0.05) by the diets. In Experiment 3, it was used four castrated crossbred steers (H×Z), with IBW of 267 ± 12.00 kg, fistulated in the rumen and abomasum, distributed in a 4x4 Latin square to evaluate the intake and total and partial apparent digestibility of nutrients, rumen characteristics and microbial efficiency. The animals were fed the same experimental diets from the previous experiment. There was no effect (P> 0.05) of diets on the nutrient intake. It was observed an effect of age on rumen and intestinal non-fibrous carbohydrate apparent digestibility. However, total and partial apparent digestibilities of other nutrients were not affected by the diets. There was no effect (P> 0.05) of experimental diets on cutting period, nor the interaction of these factors on N-NH3 concentration, whereas rumen pH was influenced (P <0.05) only by cutting period, with the minimum value estimated from 6.26 to 4.13 hours after feeding. The two silages can be classified as good quality ones based on the pH and N-ammonia characteristics which are within the acceptable range for proper preservation of grass silage. Inoculation of Brachiaria brizantha cv Marandu cut at 35 and 70 days of regrowth with microbial inoculant Sil ALL C4 (Alltech Brazil), does not affect intake, nutrient digestibility, rumen traits and performance of beef cattle fed silage of Brachiaria brizantha cv Marandu cut at 35 and 70 days of of regrowth. |
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Cezário, Andréia Santoshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/9873397600912897Valadares Filho, Sebastião de Camposhttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4787028J6Ribeiro, Karina Guimarãeshttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4784432T4Pereira, Odilon Gomeshttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4790978J6Cecon, Paulo Robertohttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4788114T5Fonseca, Dilermando Miranda dahttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4780539D62015-03-26T12:54:37Z2012-03-152015-03-26T12:54:37Z2011-02-17CEZÁRIO, Andréia Santos. Silage losses and performance of beef cattle fed diets with Marandu grass silages at two ages of regrowth treated with bacterial inoculant. 2011. 107 f. Tese (Doutorado em Genética e Melhoramento de Animais Domésticos; Nutrição e Alimentação Animal; Pastagens e Forragicul) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2011.http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/1771Three experiments were carried out to evaluate intake and the partial and total nutrient apparent digestibilities, nitrogen compounds balance, microbial efficiency, rumen traits and the performance of beef cattle fed diets based on Brachiaria brizantha cv Marandu at two ages of regrowth with and without microbial inoculant Sil ALL C4 (Alltech Brazil), as well as to determine losses and the chemical composition of these silages. In Experiment 1, it was evaluated fermentation profile, chemical composition, the losses and recovery of dry matter of Marandu grass silages at two ages of regrowth (35 and 70 days), with and without inoculation by using 18-L buckets. A 2 × 2 scheme was used (two regrowth ages × with and without inoculation) in a complete random experimental design with five replications. It was observed an effect of age at regrowth × inoculant on the dry matter (DM) content. For contents of neutral detergent insoluble fiber corrected for ash and protein (NDFap), acid detergent insoluble fiber (ADF), crude protein (CP) and acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN), effect was observed only on regrowth age. Concentrations of lactic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid were influenced by the interaction age × regrowth inoculant (P <0.05) and the greatest value of lactic acid in silage plants cut at 70 days of regrowth was recorded. It was observed effect of the (P <0.05) age × inoculant regrowth interaction on the gas production. For effluent production, it was observed age effect, with the greatest value in the silage plants cut at 70 days of regrowth. On the other hand, dry matter recovery was influenced by inoculant (P <0.05) and the age at regrowth (P <0.05), with the greatest values found in the inoculated silage and in that of plants harvested at 70 days regrowth. In Experiment 2, it was used 32 crossbred Holstein-Zebu (HxZ) bulls, with average initial body weight (IBW) of 364 ± 20.00 kg. The animals were distributed in a 2×2 factorial design in seven randomized blocks to evaluate intake, nutrient digestibility and production performance. The diets consisted of 50% Marandu grass silage and 50% of concentrate at the dry matter basis. The silages from plants cut at 35 and 70 days, additived or not with inoculant. There was no effect (P> 0.05) of diets on nutrient intake, except for neutral detergent insoluble fiber (NDF), which was affected by the age of regrowth. Total nutrient digestibility, average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion (FC) and carcass dressing (CD) were not affected (P> 0.05) by the diets. In Experiment 3, it was used four castrated crossbred steers (H×Z), with IBW of 267 ± 12.00 kg, fistulated in the rumen and abomasum, distributed in a 4x4 Latin square to evaluate the intake and total and partial apparent digestibility of nutrients, rumen characteristics and microbial efficiency. The animals were fed the same experimental diets from the previous experiment. There was no effect (P> 0.05) of diets on the nutrient intake. It was observed an effect of age on rumen and intestinal non-fibrous carbohydrate apparent digestibility. However, total and partial apparent digestibilities of other nutrients were not affected by the diets. There was no effect (P> 0.05) of experimental diets on cutting period, nor the interaction of these factors on N-NH3 concentration, whereas rumen pH was influenced (P <0.05) only by cutting period, with the minimum value estimated from 6.26 to 4.13 hours after feeding. The two silages can be classified as good quality ones based on the pH and N-ammonia characteristics which are within the acceptable range for proper preservation of grass silage. Inoculation of Brachiaria brizantha cv Marandu cut at 35 and 70 days of regrowth with microbial inoculant Sil ALL C4 (Alltech Brazil), does not affect intake, nutrient digestibility, rumen traits and performance of beef cattle fed silage of Brachiaria brizantha cv Marandu cut at 35 and 70 days of of regrowth.Foram realizados três experimentos para se avaliar o consumo e as digestibilidades aparentes total e parcial dos nutrientes, o balanço de compostos nitrogenados, a eficiência microbiana, parâmetros ruminais e o desempenho produtivo de bovinos de corte alimentados com dietas à base de silagem de Brachiaria brizantha cv Marandu de duas idades de rebrotação com e sem inoculante microbiano Sil ALL C4 (Alltech Brasil), bem como, determinar as perdas e a composição química e bromatológica dessas silagens. No Experimento 1, avaliaram-se o perfil fermentativo, a composição química, as perdas e a recuperação de matéria seca de silagens de capim-marandu de duas idades de rebrotação (35 e 70 dias), com e sem inoculante microbiano, usando-se baldes com 18L de capacidade. Utilizou-se um esquema fatorial 2 x 2 (duas idades de rebrotação x com e sem inoculante), em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições. Observou-se efeito da interação idade de rebrotação x inoculante (P<0,05) para o teor de matéria seca (MS). Para os teores de fibra insolúvel em detergente neutro corrigido para cinza e proteína (FDNcp), fibra insolúvel em detergente ácido (FDA), proteína bruta (PB), lignina e nitrogênio insolúvel em detergente ácido (NIDA) observou-se efeito apenas de idade de rebrotação. Os teores dos ácidos lático, propiônico e butírico foram influenciados pela interação idade de rebrotação x inoculante (P<0,05), registrando-se maior valor de ácido lático na silagem de plantas colhidas com 70 dias de rebrotação. Observou-se efeito da interação (P<0,05) idade de rebrotação x inoculante sobre a produção de gases. Para a produção de efluente, observou-se efeito de idade, registrandose maior valor na silagem de plantas colhidas com 70 dias de rebrotação. Já a recuperação de matéria seca foi influenciada por inoculante (P<0,05) e idade de rebrotação (P<0,05), registrando-se maiores valores na silagem inoculada e naquela de plantas colhidas aos 70 dias de rebrotação. No Experimento 2, foram utilizados 32 bovinos mestiços Holandês x Zebu (HxZ), não castrados, com peso vivo inicial médio (PVI) de 364 ± 20,00 kg, distribuídos num esquema fatorial 2x2 em sete blocos casualizados, para avaliar o consumo, a digestibilidade dos nutrientes e o desempenho produtivo. As dietas consistiram de 50% de silagem de capim-marandu e 50% de concentrado, na MS. As silagens foram produzidas de plantas colhidas com 35 e 70 dias, aditivadas ou não com inoculante. Não houve efeito (P>0,05) de dietas sobre o consumo de nutrientes, excetuando-se o de FDNcp, que foi afetado pela idade de rebrotação. As digestibilidades aparentes totais dos nutrientes, o ganho médio diário (GMD), a conversão alimentar (CA) e o rendimento de carcaça (RC) também não foram influenciados (P>0,05) pelas dietas. No Experimento 3, foram utilizados quatro novilhos mestiços (HxZ), castrados, com PVI de 267 ± 12,00 kg, fistulados no rúmen e abomaso, distribuídos num quadrado latino 4x4, para se avaliar o consumo e a digestibilidade aparente total e parcial dos nutrientes, os parâmetros ruminais e a eficiência microbiana. Os animais receberam as mesmas dietas do experimento anterior. Não houve efeito (P>0,05) de dietas sobre o consumo de nutrientes. Observou-se efeito de idade sobre a digestibilidade aparente ruminal e intestinal dos CNF. Já as digestibilidades aparentes total e parcial dos demais nutrientes não foram influenciadas pelas dietas. Não houve efeito (P>0,05) de dietas experimentais, do tempo de coleta, nem da interação destes fatores, sobre a concentração de N-NH3 ruminal, enquanto que o pH ruminal foi influenciado (P<0,05) apenas pelo tempo de coleta, estimando-se valor mínimo de 6,26 às 4,13 horas após a alimentação. As duas silagens podem ser classificadas como de boa qualidade com base nas características pH e N-amoniacal se encontrarem na faixa aceitável para boa conservação de silagem de capins. A inoculação de Brachiaria brizantha cv Marandu colhida aos 35 e 70 dias de rebrotação com o inoculante microbiano Sil ALL C4 (Alltech Brasil), não influencia o consumo, a digestibilidade dos nutrientes, os parâmetros ruminais e o desempenho de bovinos de corte recebendo dietas contendo silagens deste capim.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológicoapplication/pdfporUniversidade Federal de ViçosaDoutorado em ZootecniaUFVBRGenética e Melhoramento de Animais Domésticos; Nutrição e Alimentação Animal; Pastagens e ForragiculConsumoDigestibilidadeDesempenho produtivoIntakeDigestibilityProductive performanceCNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ZOOTECNIA::PASTAGEM E FORRAGICULTURAPerdas na ensilagem e desempenho de bovinos de corte suplementados com dietas contendo silagem de capim-marandu em duas idades de rebrotação tratadas com inoculante bacterianoSilage losses and performance of beef cattle fed diets with Marandu grass silages at two ages of regrowth treated with bacterial inoculantinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFVinstname:Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV)instacron:UFVORIGINALtexto completo.pdfapplication/pdf343310https://locus.ufv.br//bitstream/123456789/1771/1/texto%20completo.pdf672f8d18a9a3bf36fbe48021ce2d1e7aMD51TEXTtexto completo.pdf.txttexto completo.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain171133https://locus.ufv.br//bitstream/123456789/1771/2/texto%20completo.pdf.txt7a0d6d32e4c1bbaa700ce7a0a7cfff77MD52THUMBNAILtexto completo.pdf.jpgtexto completo.pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg3736https://locus.ufv.br//bitstream/123456789/1771/3/texto%20completo.pdf.jpgd038d8f9b523189a59ad595328c5445fMD53123456789/17712016-04-07 23:13:10.131oai:locus.ufv.br:123456789/1771Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttps://www.locus.ufv.br/oai/requestfabiojreis@ufv.bropendoar:21452016-04-08T02:13:10LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV - Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV)false |
dc.title.por.fl_str_mv |
Perdas na ensilagem e desempenho de bovinos de corte suplementados com dietas contendo silagem de capim-marandu em duas idades de rebrotação tratadas com inoculante bacteriano |
dc.title.alternative.eng.fl_str_mv |
Silage losses and performance of beef cattle fed diets with Marandu grass silages at two ages of regrowth treated with bacterial inoculant |
title |
Perdas na ensilagem e desempenho de bovinos de corte suplementados com dietas contendo silagem de capim-marandu em duas idades de rebrotação tratadas com inoculante bacteriano |
spellingShingle |
Perdas na ensilagem e desempenho de bovinos de corte suplementados com dietas contendo silagem de capim-marandu em duas idades de rebrotação tratadas com inoculante bacteriano Cezário, Andréia Santos Consumo Digestibilidade Desempenho produtivo Intake Digestibility Productive performance CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ZOOTECNIA::PASTAGEM E FORRAGICULTURA |
title_short |
Perdas na ensilagem e desempenho de bovinos de corte suplementados com dietas contendo silagem de capim-marandu em duas idades de rebrotação tratadas com inoculante bacteriano |
title_full |
Perdas na ensilagem e desempenho de bovinos de corte suplementados com dietas contendo silagem de capim-marandu em duas idades de rebrotação tratadas com inoculante bacteriano |
title_fullStr |
Perdas na ensilagem e desempenho de bovinos de corte suplementados com dietas contendo silagem de capim-marandu em duas idades de rebrotação tratadas com inoculante bacteriano |
title_full_unstemmed |
Perdas na ensilagem e desempenho de bovinos de corte suplementados com dietas contendo silagem de capim-marandu em duas idades de rebrotação tratadas com inoculante bacteriano |
title_sort |
Perdas na ensilagem e desempenho de bovinos de corte suplementados com dietas contendo silagem de capim-marandu em duas idades de rebrotação tratadas com inoculante bacteriano |
author |
Cezário, Andréia Santos |
author_facet |
Cezário, Andréia Santos |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.authorLattes.por.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/9873397600912897 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Cezário, Andréia Santos |
dc.contributor.advisor-co1.fl_str_mv |
Valadares Filho, Sebastião de Campos |
dc.contributor.advisor-co1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4787028J6 |
dc.contributor.advisor-co2.fl_str_mv |
Ribeiro, Karina Guimarães |
dc.contributor.advisor-co2Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4784432T4 |
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv |
Pereira, Odilon Gomes |
dc.contributor.advisor1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4790978J6 |
dc.contributor.referee1.fl_str_mv |
Cecon, Paulo Roberto |
dc.contributor.referee1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4788114T5 |
dc.contributor.referee2.fl_str_mv |
Fonseca, Dilermando Miranda da |
dc.contributor.referee2Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4780539D6 |
contributor_str_mv |
Valadares Filho, Sebastião de Campos Ribeiro, Karina Guimarães Pereira, Odilon Gomes Cecon, Paulo Roberto Fonseca, Dilermando Miranda da |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Consumo Digestibilidade Desempenho produtivo |
topic |
Consumo Digestibilidade Desempenho produtivo Intake Digestibility Productive performance CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ZOOTECNIA::PASTAGEM E FORRAGICULTURA |
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv |
Intake Digestibility Productive performance |
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ZOOTECNIA::PASTAGEM E FORRAGICULTURA |
description |
Three experiments were carried out to evaluate intake and the partial and total nutrient apparent digestibilities, nitrogen compounds balance, microbial efficiency, rumen traits and the performance of beef cattle fed diets based on Brachiaria brizantha cv Marandu at two ages of regrowth with and without microbial inoculant Sil ALL C4 (Alltech Brazil), as well as to determine losses and the chemical composition of these silages. In Experiment 1, it was evaluated fermentation profile, chemical composition, the losses and recovery of dry matter of Marandu grass silages at two ages of regrowth (35 and 70 days), with and without inoculation by using 18-L buckets. A 2 × 2 scheme was used (two regrowth ages × with and without inoculation) in a complete random experimental design with five replications. It was observed an effect of age at regrowth × inoculant on the dry matter (DM) content. For contents of neutral detergent insoluble fiber corrected for ash and protein (NDFap), acid detergent insoluble fiber (ADF), crude protein (CP) and acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN), effect was observed only on regrowth age. Concentrations of lactic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid were influenced by the interaction age × regrowth inoculant (P <0.05) and the greatest value of lactic acid in silage plants cut at 70 days of regrowth was recorded. It was observed effect of the (P <0.05) age × inoculant regrowth interaction on the gas production. For effluent production, it was observed age effect, with the greatest value in the silage plants cut at 70 days of regrowth. On the other hand, dry matter recovery was influenced by inoculant (P <0.05) and the age at regrowth (P <0.05), with the greatest values found in the inoculated silage and in that of plants harvested at 70 days regrowth. In Experiment 2, it was used 32 crossbred Holstein-Zebu (HxZ) bulls, with average initial body weight (IBW) of 364 ± 20.00 kg. The animals were distributed in a 2×2 factorial design in seven randomized blocks to evaluate intake, nutrient digestibility and production performance. The diets consisted of 50% Marandu grass silage and 50% of concentrate at the dry matter basis. The silages from plants cut at 35 and 70 days, additived or not with inoculant. There was no effect (P> 0.05) of diets on nutrient intake, except for neutral detergent insoluble fiber (NDF), which was affected by the age of regrowth. Total nutrient digestibility, average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion (FC) and carcass dressing (CD) were not affected (P> 0.05) by the diets. In Experiment 3, it was used four castrated crossbred steers (H×Z), with IBW of 267 ± 12.00 kg, fistulated in the rumen and abomasum, distributed in a 4x4 Latin square to evaluate the intake and total and partial apparent digestibility of nutrients, rumen characteristics and microbial efficiency. The animals were fed the same experimental diets from the previous experiment. There was no effect (P> 0.05) of diets on the nutrient intake. It was observed an effect of age on rumen and intestinal non-fibrous carbohydrate apparent digestibility. However, total and partial apparent digestibilities of other nutrients were not affected by the diets. There was no effect (P> 0.05) of experimental diets on cutting period, nor the interaction of these factors on N-NH3 concentration, whereas rumen pH was influenced (P <0.05) only by cutting period, with the minimum value estimated from 6.26 to 4.13 hours after feeding. The two silages can be classified as good quality ones based on the pH and N-ammonia characteristics which are within the acceptable range for proper preservation of grass silage. Inoculation of Brachiaria brizantha cv Marandu cut at 35 and 70 days of regrowth with microbial inoculant Sil ALL C4 (Alltech Brazil), does not affect intake, nutrient digestibility, rumen traits and performance of beef cattle fed silage of Brachiaria brizantha cv Marandu cut at 35 and 70 days of of regrowth. |
publishDate |
2011 |
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv |
2011-02-17 |
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv |
2012-03-15 2015-03-26T12:54:37Z |
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv |
2015-03-26T12:54:37Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
format |
doctoralThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.citation.fl_str_mv |
CEZÁRIO, Andréia Santos. Silage losses and performance of beef cattle fed diets with Marandu grass silages at two ages of regrowth treated with bacterial inoculant. 2011. 107 f. Tese (Doutorado em Genética e Melhoramento de Animais Domésticos; Nutrição e Alimentação Animal; Pastagens e Forragicul) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2011. |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/1771 |
identifier_str_mv |
CEZÁRIO, Andréia Santos. Silage losses and performance of beef cattle fed diets with Marandu grass silages at two ages of regrowth treated with bacterial inoculant. 2011. 107 f. Tese (Doutorado em Genética e Melhoramento de Animais Domésticos; Nutrição e Alimentação Animal; Pastagens e Forragicul) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2011. |
url |
http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/1771 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa |
dc.publisher.program.fl_str_mv |
Doutorado em Zootecnia |
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UFV |
dc.publisher.country.fl_str_mv |
BR |
dc.publisher.department.fl_str_mv |
Genética e Melhoramento de Animais Domésticos; Nutrição e Alimentação Animal; Pastagens e Forragicul |
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa |
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