Anatomia foliar, prospecção fitoquímica e da atividade antioxidante de extratos de Ficus subgênero Pharmacosycea (Miq.) Miq. (Moraceae)

• Autor(a) principal: Coelho, Victor Peçanha de Miranda
• Data de Publicação: 2013
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/375
• topic: Ficus - Anatomia; Química vegetal; Histoquímica; Antioxidantes; Ficus - Anatomy; Plant chemistry; Histochemistry; Antioxidants; CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::BOTANICA

The difficulties encountered in the identification and delimitation of species of the subgenus Pharmacosycea can be mitigated with combination of anatomical studies of leaves to conventional taxonomy. Added to this, the importance medicinal and pharmacological of Ficus which should be further investigated in the Brazilian species, where studies are directed mainly to the investigation of their anthelmintic properties. The aims of this study were: (1) perform the anatomical study of the leaves of Ficus species subgenus Pharmacosycea aimed at the selection of useful characters for the taxonomy of the group, (2) perform histochemical study of the leaves, phytochemical and antioxidant activity of extracts of species of Ficus subgenus Pharmacosycea. The anatomical study of these species and phenetic analyzes conducted in this study confirm the importance of leaf anatomy as a basis for taxonomy of Ficus. More than half of the species of the subgenus Pharmacosycea section Pharmacosycea may be recognized in the vegetative phase from that work. The absence of single crystals prismatic and pericyclic fibers previously identified as diagnostic of the subgenus Pharmacosycea are inconsistent. Unable to distinguish the species studied in subsections Bergianae and Petenenses from contour and distribution of the vascular bundles of the petiole as proposed in the literature. The presence of smooth epidermis and periderm, were the only anatomical features that supported the subdivision of section Pharmacosycea in subsections Bergianae and Petenenses respectively. The number and distribution of phloem in the medulla of the petiole and midrib anatomical features are promising for taxonomy section Pharmacosycea. However, should be evaluated in a larger number of species to confirm their validity in the taxonomy of the subgenus Pharmacosycea, but also in other subgenera and sections of Ficus. The chemical composition of the extracts of six species of Ficus subgenus Pharmacosycea studied proved to be very heterogeneous, tannins and flavonoids are the only classes that occur in all species. Histochemical analyzes showed that trichomes and palisade parenchyma are the main sites of accumulation of phenolics, while the laticiferous are the main sites of accumulation of proteins, lipids and terpenes. The crude ethanol extracts of six species of Ficus subgenus Pharmacosycea studied are rich in phenolic compounds that exhibit antioxidant activity. F. piresiana is the species most promising for future studies related to the antioxidant potential of Ficus subgenus Pharmacosycea native Brazil.