Demanda energética de semeadora-adubadora em sistema de plantio direto

• Autor(a) principal: Fontes, Jefferson Machado
• Data de Publicação: 2013
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/775
• topic: Demanda de energia; Potência; Semeadora direta; Energy demand; Power; Direct seeder; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ENGENHARIA AGRICOLA

Operational costs has been being decisive for selecting machines and or mechanized systems in the modern agriculture. High quality production, minimum dependence on labor and reduced costs are the greatest challenges in this activity. The non-tillage system is being increasingly used, and the trend is to increase more and more. In this context, quantifying the energy required by different types and models of seeder available in the market is of paramount importance to manufacturers, farmers and other interested ones who may, besides improving the product, select one that will provide the best energy efficiency and give greater contribution to reducing the costs of agricultural production, as a consequence. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the energy demand of a seeder-tractor at different speeds and planting row mounting configurations, as well as to implement and to evaluate the mathematical model for predicting tractor effort proposed by ASAE D497.7MAR2011 Guidelines through comparison of experimental with the simulated results. The experiment was conducted in randomized block design with three replicates. It was used five displacement speeds obtained in function of the gear variations, changes in rotation of the axis of the tractor and two configurations of planting row mountings, totaling 10 treatments and 30 experimental units. Variations in configurations of the planting row mountings were caused by the use of two types of plow mechanism in the fertilizer deposition system of the seeder: unbalanced double discs and knife. The following variables were evaluated: displacement speed, force and power required to pull the seeder; time and specific fuel consumption; specific and total volume of displaced soil; specific fuel consumption per volume of displaced soil, and tractor driving wheel slip and energy required per volume of displaced soil. Based on the results, it was concluded that the seeder equipped with knife-type furrower system showed the best energy performance and the model for prediction of force required to pull agricultural implements proposed by ASABE (2011b) was able to provide information for predicting the behavior of this variable when the planter was equipped with the unbalanced double discs furrower mechanism. It was concluded that, for identical displacement speeds the seeder-fertilizer equipped with the knife-type furrower mechanism in the fertilizer deposition system ("B" configuration) presented lower energy demand than the seeder- fertilizer equipped with the lagged double disc ("A" configuration) to accomplish the same task. It is also concluded that the model proposed by ASABE (2011b) to prediction of power required in traction of agricultural implements showed to be able to offer to the seeder-fertilizer mounted in the A configuration the information for prediction of behavior of this variable. However, in the "B" configuration, the model did not showed to be able to supply such information.