Estocagem e compensação de carbono pelas árvores do campus-sede da Universidade Federal de Viçosa

• Autor(a) principal: Brianézi, Daniel
• Data de Publicação: 2012
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3091
• topic: Fixação de carbono; Balanço de carbono; Mudanças climáticas; Carbon sequestration; Carbon balance; Climate change; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::RECURSOS FLORESTAIS E ENGENHARIA FLORESTAL::MANEJO FLORESTAL

The aim of this study was to inventory emissions of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) of the main activities of the principal campus of Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV) and evaluated the potential for storage and carbon offset by tree planted into the University. Thus, the study, divided into four chapters, was held at the campus of UFV located in Viçosa, MG. In chapter 1, there was a tree survey of access roads, car parks and arboretums of the UFV, identifying 100% of the species found, and the frequency of individuals, plant condition and dispersion. Was inventoried 2893 individuals belonging to 114 species and 34 botanical families, with two species of gymnosperms group. The oiti, Licania tomentosa is the species most planted, totaling 448 individuals, followed by Michelia champaca (magnolia) with 304 trees. In chapter 2, was quantified the stock of carbon in the trees of campus UFV, across allometric equations for estimating carbon set of individual trees. From the data cubing standing of individual trees, basic density and carbon content, we calculated the carbon present in trees-samples. Thereafter, were evaluated the Schumacher and Hall (1933) and Spurr (1952), modified, models to estimate the total carbon present in the trees on campus. The model of Schumacher and Hall (1933) showed the highest accuracy for the total carbon and carbon of twigs. The trees had, an average, 221.24 kg of carbon per individual, higher than found for the palm trees, 101.50 KgC.indivídual-1. Based on the age of planting trees on campus, was obtained a mean annual increment on carbon of 7.79 KgC.indivídual-1.year-1. The species Lecythis pisonis (sapucaia) showed the highest increase, resulting in a 27.60 KgC.indivídual-1.year-1, one of the most appropriate for afforestation, when thinking about carbon offsetting. Looking at the canopy area occupied by the individuals, with an average of 25 years, was obtained an average carbon stock of 54.0 tC.ha-1, higher than that found in native forests of Cerrado and Caatinga sensu stricto, but lower than that found in other forest types. In chapter 3, was quantified GHG emissions from activities on principal campus of UFV. Based on ISO 14064 (2007) and the guidelines of the Brazil GHG Protocol, was established the organizational and operational boundaries of the inventory, their scopes and GHG emission sources. In each scope, was quantified he GHG emissions of all sources, based on methodologies developed by the IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (2006). The UFV campus issued during the base year, 6034.18 tCO2e., the Scope 1 was responsible for 61.0% of this estimate, especially for livestock (3071.64 tCO2e.). The solid waste management at UFV, which includes Scope 3, was the second highest source of GHG emissions, with 999.70 tCO2e., followed by anaerobic treatment of effluents (Scope 2), 750.56 tCO2e. Finally, in Chapter 4, held the balance of GHG emissions and removals from the campus of UFV, comparing the GHG emissions for the base-year adopted and the mean annual increment of carbon by sinks of University. For this, was generated, first, two balances, a rural, comparing emissions from livestock, main GHG emitting source of UFV, and sinks of carbon from the university, and another, called the urban that compared others GHG emissions of campus with the rate of carbon fixation by urban trees. Although not offset all emissions (4.24% of emissions), urban trees offset the GHG emissions arising from biomass burning, LPG and part of annual emissions of the vehicle fleet of UFV. About the rural balance, the areas of forest, scrub and reforestation located in the UFV campus showed an annual carbon fixation rate of 5181.47 tCO2e., higher than the GHG emissions by livestock (3071,64 tCO2e.), making this positive. Therefore, the overall balance of emissions and removals of the campus of UFV was negative, this balance could be zero or positive if taken other actions like reforestation in the university and individual offset. Thus, we conclude that the estimates of carbon fixation by trees obtained in this study can be used as a reference for the establishment of carbon neutral projects in green urban areas, as a contribution to mitigating climate change and the generation of environmental services population. However, the initiative is not about itself. Thus, it is important that it is interconnected with other compensating actions such as forest conservation and planting of vegetation restoration in degraded areas, and reduction of GHG emissions.