Hipóteses filogenéticas baseadas em caracteres moleculares e estudos do tamanho do genoma em Dyckia Schult. & Schult.f. e Encholirium Mart. ex Schult. & Schult.f. (Bromeliaceae)

• Autor(a) principal: Moura, Mariana Neves
• Data de Publicação: 2014
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3229
• topic: Plantas - Anatomina; Bromeliaceae; Filogenia; Genética; Ecologia; Plants - Anatomina; Bromeliaceae; phylogeny; genetics; ecology; CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ECOLOGIA

Dyckia Schult. & Schult. f. has 132 described species and is an exclusive South America genus, whose species occur in diversity centers of southern Brazil and in areas of Brazilian Savanna (Cerrado). 129 species occur in Brazil and 112 are endemic to this country. Encholirium Mart. ex Schult. & Schult. f. has 27 species and presents a more restricted distribution, which extends from Southern Mato Grosso do Sul to North Piaui, with a high diversity in Brazilian rocky fields (Campos Rupestres) of the Espinhaço Range (Minas Gerais). Thirteen species of Encholirium are endemic to this Range. These two genera occupy mainly seasonal environments along the dry diagonal, formed by the junction of Caatinga, Cerrado and Chaco. Species of both genera are rupicolous adapted to water stress and have characteristic external morphology, with succulent and strongly aculeate leaves. The delimitation of Dickia and Encholirium has been controversial over their taxonomic history due to morphological similarities, although there are characteristics that distinguish them (mainly the position of the floral scape). The main objective of this study was to test the monophyly of Encholirium through phylogenetic inferences based on two chloroplast genes. Twenty-two species of Encholirium and seven of Dyckia were collected near of 11 municipalities along the dry diagonal or acquired from the collection of the Botanical Garden of Rio de Janeiro. The phylogenetic inferences generated did not support the monophyly of Encholirium. The second aim was to measure the genome sizes of the studied species in order to detect evidence of separation between the two genera and check whether there is a correlation between genome size and measures of morphological structures. No significant differences in the genome sizes of Dyckia or Encholirium (p = 0.9) were found and no relationship between measures of morphology and genome sizes were detected. The results of this study, together with others already published, suggest that a new taxonomic review of the genera is needed to verify whether Dyckia and Encholirium should be classified into a unique taxon.