Inventário de características arquitetônico-ambientais associado a sistemas de acondicionamento térmico de galpões avícolas

• Autor(a) principal: Guimarães, Maria Clara de Carvalho
• Data de Publicação: 2009
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/679
• topic: Avicultura; Construções rurais; Conforto térmico; Poultry; Rural buildings; Thermal comfort; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ENGENHARIA AGRICOLA

The brazilian poultry industry is the activity that has the largest and most advanced technological collection among the brazilian agricultural sector. The vast territorial extension of Brazil implies in a variety of climates that shows the necessity of identifying the different types of poultry plant that would be ideal to combat stress by heat or cold, because each climate zone requirement imposes its own arrangements with an aim of thermal comfort. The research aimed to make an architectural and environmental inventory of sheds used in the poultry industry of broilers in Brazil, carrying out a survey, with description and evaluation of design features and facilities of these stations. Aviaries were selected representing different building typologies in highlighted producing regions in the national scene (Midwest, Southeast and South), where a diagnosis of architectural features was made. Subsequently the performance of the performance of the operation of evaporative cooling systems using environmental collected data was made. From this information it was possible to assess the relative efficiency of warehouses and associate them with the construction characteristics, aiming to enable a decision making on the issue of capital improvement of poultry sheds. In the Midwest Region, in general, the barracks were equipped with evaporative cooling systems and ventilation with negative pressure, and in some cases, spray over the coverage, tiles, galvanized steel or asbestos. The units with galvanized steel roofing had systems of undersized thermal. The relative efficiency of the sheds was considered good in the hottest hours of the day, however, the internal thermal conditions tended to be uncomfortable for birds and improving the efficiency of evaporative cooling system would not bring any advantages. In these times, the systems could be turned off and the curtains open, providing better thermal conditions and lower power consumption. The structure of closure, regarding to its thermal insulation, deserves attention. The warehouses with sprinkling on the coverage provided, at times of solar radiation peak, internal temperatures of about 2°C lower than those without the spraying. Sheds with asbestos shingles painted in white had thermal air conditioning systems above the expected. However, the evaporative cooling system had room for improvement. At the times of solar radiation peak, the evaporative cooling and the painting of the roof are important in reducing the internal temperatures. The behavior of the sheds was considered to be very good. However, it was observed the wear of the closing time materials. In the Southeast, in general, the sheds were fitted with positive pressure ventilation systems without evaporative cooling, with asbestos tiles, ceramic and number of fans below the recommended. The sheds covered with asbestos tiles and ceramics had internal temperatures in most cases, comfortable for the birds and the addition of the evaporative cooling system could reduce the internal temperature to an average of 3°C. The behavior of thesheds, in winter conditions, was reasonably efficient (asbestos shingles), with attention to possible improvements in the cooler hours of the day, an evaluation of the closure structure, and excellent (ceramic shingles), to isolate the low outside temperatures in the cooler hours of the day. In the south region the poultry houses had varying coverage and thermal conditioning systems. In general, the ventilation systems were lower than expected and the internal temperatures above the comfort range for the birds and the improvement or implementation of evaporative cooling system could contribute significantly to the reduction of the internal temperature. Sheds with asbestos shingles and tiles, galvanized steel roofs, in summer conditions, showed efficiency considered to be only good, making it an important assessment of the closure structure. The sheds with aluminum and ceramic tiles, in winter conditions, showed excellent relative efficiency in isolating the low external temperatures. However, the internal thermal conditions showed to be uncomfortable for the birds during the hot days. Since the temperatures outside were relatively close to the comfort range in the majority of the time. In these hours, the systems could be turned off and the curtains open, providing better thermal conditions and lower power consumption.