Distance maps for fire safety in buildings of social interest

• Autor(a) principal: Braga, Henrique Costa
• Data de Publicação: 2017
• Outros Autores: Moita, Gray Farias, Almeida, Paulo Eduardo Maciel de
• Tipo de documento: Artigo
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: PARC (Campinas)
• Texto Completo: https://periodicos.sbu.unicamp.br/ojs/index.php/parc/article/view/8647977
• topic: Mapas de distância. Algoritmo de busca. Habitação de Interesse Social. Incêndio.; Fire safety. Social Interest Housing. Distance maps. Search algorithm.

Some Social Interest Housing (SIH), by their nature, can have an oversimplified safety process against fire and panic to reduce the cost of the building. Due to these simplifications, additional studies for safety, including performance, becomes especially relevant. The distance maps is a technological tool that can contribute to the knowledge of the safety of the building, providing information such as the maximum distance to be traveled to the nearest exit, the distance of any environment position to the exit, and the best escape routes. It also allows estimating the time spent in an evacuation. This work defines what a distance map is and how they can be generated. Two variations thereof are presented, and the most advantageous are selected. It was found that the distance maps produced by Moore's neighborhood search algorithm (VM) and random selection, as a route generator was more realistic than the obtained by Von Neumann neighborhood search (VVN) and other selection criteria. A five-floor SIH is described in detail,  and a map of distances is generated. From these distance maps, various features of the building such as the maximum distance to be traveled, the escape route and the estimated time for escape in an emergency situation are evaluated. Several discussions about fire safety of the building are presented.