Impacts of the Brazilian science and technology sectoral funds on the industrial firms’ R&D inputs and outputs
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2012 |
Outros Autores: | , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Revista Brasileira de Inovação (Online) |
Texto Completo: | https://periodicos.sbu.unicamp.br/ojs/index.php/rbi/article/view/8649038 |
Resumo: | The Brazilian science and technology sectoral funds were established at the end of the 1990s, aiming at providing more stable financial resources to science, technology, and innovation (ST&I) activities in the country. Similarly to other instruments used to foster innovation at the firm level, the sectoral funds are expected to increase firms’ technological efforts as well as their result indicators. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the impacts of these funds on the industrial firms’ R&D inputs and outputs in Brazil during the period between 2001 and 2006. Several papers have discussed the additionality or crowding out effects of innovation policies that involve grants and fiscal incentives, for example. In this paper, the firms which accessed the sectoral funds are compared with the ones which did not, based upon the path followed by their indicators of technological efforts (R&D inputs) and results (R&D outputs). The control group was defined using a Propensity Score Matching (PSM) procedure aiming at reducing the selection bias that makes firms which accessed the funds follow a different path when compared to the ones that did not. Percentage differencein- differences indicate a significant detachment between the technological efforts of the treatment and control groups and permit the hypothesis of crowding out to be rejected. The growth differential on the PoTec variable – the proxy for technological efforts – is estimated in 6.8 p.p. in the first year, 11.5 in the second, 15.7 p.p. in the third and 26.7 p.p. in the fourth year after the access to the funds. The sectoral funds also presented a significant and positive impact on the number of employees, although only a marginally significant impact on high-tech exports was observed four years after the treatment. Additionally, a preliminary analysis of the impacts of the different instruments that form the sectoral funds suggests that most impacts observed in the technological efforts can be associated to the credit at favorable conditions. |
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Impacts of the Brazilian science and technology sectoral funds on the industrial firms’ R&D inputs and outputsImpactos dos fundos setoriais nas empresasSectoral fundsInnovation policiesResearch and developmentCrowding inO31Fundos setoriais. Políticas de inovação. Pesquisa e desenvolvimento. Adicionalidade.O31The Brazilian science and technology sectoral funds were established at the end of the 1990s, aiming at providing more stable financial resources to science, technology, and innovation (ST&I) activities in the country. Similarly to other instruments used to foster innovation at the firm level, the sectoral funds are expected to increase firms’ technological efforts as well as their result indicators. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the impacts of these funds on the industrial firms’ R&D inputs and outputs in Brazil during the period between 2001 and 2006. Several papers have discussed the additionality or crowding out effects of innovation policies that involve grants and fiscal incentives, for example. In this paper, the firms which accessed the sectoral funds are compared with the ones which did not, based upon the path followed by their indicators of technological efforts (R&D inputs) and results (R&D outputs). The control group was defined using a Propensity Score Matching (PSM) procedure aiming at reducing the selection bias that makes firms which accessed the funds follow a different path when compared to the ones that did not. Percentage differencein- differences indicate a significant detachment between the technological efforts of the treatment and control groups and permit the hypothesis of crowding out to be rejected. The growth differential on the PoTec variable – the proxy for technological efforts – is estimated in 6.8 p.p. in the first year, 11.5 in the second, 15.7 p.p. in the third and 26.7 p.p. in the fourth year after the access to the funds. The sectoral funds also presented a significant and positive impact on the number of employees, although only a marginally significant impact on high-tech exports was observed four years after the treatment. Additionally, a preliminary analysis of the impacts of the different instruments that form the sectoral funds suggests that most impacts observed in the technological efforts can be associated to the credit at favorable conditions.Os fundos setoriais foram instituídos no final da década de 1990, com o propósito de criar condições mais estáveis de financiamento público às atividades de ciência, tecnologia e inovação (CT&I) no Brasil. De maneira análoga ao que se observa com outros instrumentos de incentivo à inovação nas empresas, a expectativa é que o acesso aos fundos setoriais contribuiria para o aumento dos esforços tecnológicos e para o alcance de melhores resultados pelas empresas. O objetivo deste trabalho é, portanto, avaliar o impacto desses fundos sobre os esforços tecnológicos e sobre os resultados das empresas industriais no Brasil, no período 2001 a 2006. A base teórica para a discussão é a literatura internacional que tem, recorrentemente, analisado o efeito crowding in ou crowding out de políticas de apoio à inovação nas empresas. Esses trabalhos buscam verificar se as políticas adotadas complementam os recursos alocados nas atividades de inovação pelas empresas ou se haveria simplesmente a substituição desses últimos por recursos públicos. Neste artigo, uma técnica quasi-experimental é aplicada para comparar as empresas que acessaram os fundos setoriais com aquelas que não os acessaram, usando dados de painel que incluem informações sobre esforços tecnológicos e resultados. O grupo de controle é definido com base no algoritmo de Propensity Score Matching (PSM), visando eliminar o viés de seleção no acesso aos fundos, o que faz com que, a priori, as empresas que acessam esses recursos trilhem uma trajetória distinta daquelas que não acessam. Estimativas das diferenças percentuais das taxas de crescimento dos esforços tecnológicos indicam significativo descolamento entre os grupos de tratamento e controle e permitem que se rejeite a hipótese de crowding out. Estima-se que o diferencial na taxa de crescimento do PoTec – que corresponde à proxy para os esforços tecnológicos – seja de 6,8 p.p. no primeiro ano, 11,5 p.p. no segundo, 15,7 p.p. no terceiro e 26,7 p.p. no quarto ano após o acesso. Os fundos setoriais apresentam ainda impacto positivo e significativo no pessoal ocupado total, embora apenas um impacto marginalmente significante nas exportações de alto conteúdo tecnológico tenha sido observado após quatro anos nas empresas que compõem o grupo de tratamento. Adicionalmente, uma análise preliminar dos impactos dos diferentes instrumentos que compõem os fundos setoriais permite associar a maior parte dos impactos dos recursos à concessão de crédito em condições mais favoráveis.Universidade Estadual de Campinas2012-07-30info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionPesquisa qualitativaapplication/pdfhttps://periodicos.sbu.unicamp.br/ojs/index.php/rbi/article/view/864903810.20396/rbi.v11i0.8649038Revista Brasileira de Inovação; Vol. 11 (2012): Número Especial - Fronteiras da Avaliação; 85-112Revista Brasileira de Inovação; Vol. 11 (2012): Número Especial - Fronteiras da Avaliação; 85-112Revista Brasileira de Inovação; v. 11 (2012): Número Especial - Fronteiras da Avaliação; 85-1122178-2822reponame:Revista Brasileira de Inovação (Online)instname:Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)instacron:UNICAMPporhttps://periodicos.sbu.unicamp.br/ojs/index.php/rbi/article/view/8649038/15587Copyright (c) 2018 Revista Brasileira de Inovaçãoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAraújo, Bruno CésarPianto, DonaldNegri, Fernanda DeCavalcante, Luiz RicardoAlves, Patrick2017-06-05T10:30:24Zoai:ojs.periodicos.sbu.unicamp.br:article/8649038Revistahttps://periodicos.sbu.unicamp.br/ojs/index.php/rbiPUBhttps://periodicos.sbu.unicamp.br/ojs/index.php/rbi/oai||rbi@ige.unicamp.br2178-28221677-2504opendoar:2017-06-05T10:30:24Revista Brasileira de Inovação (Online) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Impacts of the Brazilian science and technology sectoral funds on the industrial firms’ R&D inputs and outputs Impactos dos fundos setoriais nas empresas |
title |
Impacts of the Brazilian science and technology sectoral funds on the industrial firms’ R&D inputs and outputs |
spellingShingle |
Impacts of the Brazilian science and technology sectoral funds on the industrial firms’ R&D inputs and outputs Araújo, Bruno César Sectoral funds Innovation policies Research and development Crowding in O31 Fundos setoriais. Políticas de inovação. Pesquisa e desenvolvimento. Adicionalidade. O31 |
title_short |
Impacts of the Brazilian science and technology sectoral funds on the industrial firms’ R&D inputs and outputs |
title_full |
Impacts of the Brazilian science and technology sectoral funds on the industrial firms’ R&D inputs and outputs |
title_fullStr |
Impacts of the Brazilian science and technology sectoral funds on the industrial firms’ R&D inputs and outputs |
title_full_unstemmed |
Impacts of the Brazilian science and technology sectoral funds on the industrial firms’ R&D inputs and outputs |
title_sort |
Impacts of the Brazilian science and technology sectoral funds on the industrial firms’ R&D inputs and outputs |
author |
Araújo, Bruno César |
author_facet |
Araújo, Bruno César Pianto, Donald Negri, Fernanda De Cavalcante, Luiz Ricardo Alves, Patrick |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Pianto, Donald Negri, Fernanda De Cavalcante, Luiz Ricardo Alves, Patrick |
author2_role |
author author author author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Araújo, Bruno César Pianto, Donald Negri, Fernanda De Cavalcante, Luiz Ricardo Alves, Patrick |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Sectoral funds Innovation policies Research and development Crowding in O31 Fundos setoriais. Políticas de inovação. Pesquisa e desenvolvimento. Adicionalidade. O31 |
topic |
Sectoral funds Innovation policies Research and development Crowding in O31 Fundos setoriais. Políticas de inovação. Pesquisa e desenvolvimento. Adicionalidade. O31 |
description |
The Brazilian science and technology sectoral funds were established at the end of the 1990s, aiming at providing more stable financial resources to science, technology, and innovation (ST&I) activities in the country. Similarly to other instruments used to foster innovation at the firm level, the sectoral funds are expected to increase firms’ technological efforts as well as their result indicators. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the impacts of these funds on the industrial firms’ R&D inputs and outputs in Brazil during the period between 2001 and 2006. Several papers have discussed the additionality or crowding out effects of innovation policies that involve grants and fiscal incentives, for example. In this paper, the firms which accessed the sectoral funds are compared with the ones which did not, based upon the path followed by their indicators of technological efforts (R&D inputs) and results (R&D outputs). The control group was defined using a Propensity Score Matching (PSM) procedure aiming at reducing the selection bias that makes firms which accessed the funds follow a different path when compared to the ones that did not. Percentage differencein- differences indicate a significant detachment between the technological efforts of the treatment and control groups and permit the hypothesis of crowding out to be rejected. The growth differential on the PoTec variable – the proxy for technological efforts – is estimated in 6.8 p.p. in the first year, 11.5 in the second, 15.7 p.p. in the third and 26.7 p.p. in the fourth year after the access to the funds. The sectoral funds also presented a significant and positive impact on the number of employees, although only a marginally significant impact on high-tech exports was observed four years after the treatment. Additionally, a preliminary analysis of the impacts of the different instruments that form the sectoral funds suggests that most impacts observed in the technological efforts can be associated to the credit at favorable conditions. |
publishDate |
2012 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2012-07-30 |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Pesquisa qualitativa |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://periodicos.sbu.unicamp.br/ojs/index.php/rbi/article/view/8649038 10.20396/rbi.v11i0.8649038 |
url |
https://periodicos.sbu.unicamp.br/ojs/index.php/rbi/article/view/8649038 |
identifier_str_mv |
10.20396/rbi.v11i0.8649038 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
https://periodicos.sbu.unicamp.br/ojs/index.php/rbi/article/view/8649038/15587 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
Copyright (c) 2018 Revista Brasileira de Inovação info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Copyright (c) 2018 Revista Brasileira de Inovação |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Estadual de Campinas |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Estadual de Campinas |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Revista Brasileira de Inovação; Vol. 11 (2012): Número Especial - Fronteiras da Avaliação; 85-112 Revista Brasileira de Inovação; Vol. 11 (2012): Número Especial - Fronteiras da Avaliação; 85-112 Revista Brasileira de Inovação; v. 11 (2012): Número Especial - Fronteiras da Avaliação; 85-112 2178-2822 reponame:Revista Brasileira de Inovação (Online) instname:Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) instacron:UNICAMP |
instname_str |
Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) |
instacron_str |
UNICAMP |
institution |
UNICAMP |
reponame_str |
Revista Brasileira de Inovação (Online) |
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Revista Brasileira de Inovação (Online) |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Revista Brasileira de Inovação (Online) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
||rbi@ige.unicamp.br |
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