Precocious immunosenescence in HIV infection: effect of chronic viral persistence or antirretroviral therapy?

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Meireles, João Victor Cruz
Data de Publicação: 2020
Outros Autores: Brito, Maysa de Vasconcelos
Tipo de documento: Artigo
Idioma: por
Título da fonte: Research, Society and Development
Texto Completo: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/7436
Resumo: Antiretroviral therapies have increased the life expectancy of people living with HIV, however a major concern is the increase in comorbidities,  such as cardiovascular, metabolic bone and neurodegenerative diseases, which are the result of an immunosensitivity phenomenon associated with the cellular aging of the system immunological, called immunossenescence. This article aims to analyze the main factors promoting this event in HIV infection, discussing whether it is the result of chronic viral persistence or antiretroviral therapy. This is a review of the literature developed from consultation with the Virtual Health Library, using the MEDLINE and LILACS databases. The results showed that the HIV virus has the potential to influence the senescence of immune cells by reducing the number of CD4+ T lymphocytes, increasing CD8+ T lymphocytes, with shorter telomeres, and with a low rate of renewal due to deficiency in the production of its precursors. In addition, treatment with antiretrovirals also has the ability to accelerate the senescence of immune cells, either by the action of NRTIs on the enzyme telomerase or on the polymerase of mitochondria or by producing oxidative stress. Therefore, the evidence suggests that both processes can contribute to the accelerated establishment of a low-grade chronic inflammatory phenotype resulting in significant early immune remodeling in HIV infection.
id UNIFEI_0014946034bafc149d0455f705959ec2
oai_identifier_str oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/7436
network_acronym_str UNIFEI
network_name_str Research, Society and Development
repository_id_str
spelling Precocious immunosenescence in HIV infection: effect of chronic viral persistence or antirretroviral therapy?Inmunosenescencia precoz en la infección por VIH: ¿efecto de la persistência viral crónica o de la terapia antirretroviral?Imunossenescência precoce na infecção por HIV: efeito da persistência viral crônica ou da terapia antirretroviral?ImunossenescênciaHIVEnvelhecimentoTerapia antirretroviral de alta atividade.InmunosenescenciaVIHEnvejecimientoTerapia antirretroviral altamente activa.ImmunosenescenceHIVAgingAntiretroviral therapy highly.Antiretroviral therapies have increased the life expectancy of people living with HIV, however a major concern is the increase in comorbidities,  such as cardiovascular, metabolic bone and neurodegenerative diseases, which are the result of an immunosensitivity phenomenon associated with the cellular aging of the system immunological, called immunossenescence. This article aims to analyze the main factors promoting this event in HIV infection, discussing whether it is the result of chronic viral persistence or antiretroviral therapy. This is a review of the literature developed from consultation with the Virtual Health Library, using the MEDLINE and LILACS databases. The results showed that the HIV virus has the potential to influence the senescence of immune cells by reducing the number of CD4+ T lymphocytes, increasing CD8+ T lymphocytes, with shorter telomeres, and with a low rate of renewal due to deficiency in the production of its precursors. In addition, treatment with antiretrovirals also has the ability to accelerate the senescence of immune cells, either by the action of NRTIs on the enzyme telomerase or on the polymerase of mitochondria or by producing oxidative stress. Therefore, the evidence suggests that both processes can contribute to the accelerated establishment of a low-grade chronic inflammatory phenotype resulting in significant early immune remodeling in HIV infection.Las terapias antirretrovirales han aumentado la esperanza de vida de las pessoas que viven con el VIH, sin embargo una gran preocupación es el aumento de comorbilidades, como enfermidades cardiovasculares, metabólicas,óseas y neurodegenerativas,que son el resultado de um fenímeno de inmunosesibilidad associado al envejecimiento celular del sistema inmunológico, llamado inmunosenescencia. Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar los principales factores que promueven este evento en la infección por VIH, discutiendo si es consecuencia de la persistencia viral crónica o de la terapia antirretroviral. Esta es una revisión de la literatura desarrollada a partir de la consulta con la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud, utilizando las bases de datos MEDLINE y LILACS. Los resultados mostraron que el virus VIH tiene el potencial de influir en la senescencia de las células inmunes al reducir el número de linfocitos T CD4 +, aumentar los linfocitos T CD8 +, con telómeros más cortos y con una baja tasa de renovación debido a la deficiencia en la producción de sus precursores. Además, el tratamiento con antirretrovirales también tiene la capacidad de acelerar la senescencia de las células inmunes, ya sea por la acción de los INTI sobre la enzima telomerasa o sobre la polimerasa de las mitocondrias o produciendo estrés oxidativo. Por lo tanto, la evidencia sigiere que ambos processos pueden contribuir al establecimiento acelerado de um fenótipo inflamatório crónico de bajo grado que resulta em uma remodelación inmune temprana significativa em la infección por VIH.As terapias antirretrovirais proporcionaram aumento da expectativa de vida das pessoas vivendo com HIV, entretanto uma grande preocupação é o aumento de comorbidades, como doenças cardiovasculares, metabólicas, ósseas e neurodegenerativas, as quais são resultantes de um fenômeno de imunossensibilidade associado ao envelhecimento celular do sistema imunológico, denominado imunossenescência. Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar os principais fatores promotores desse evento na infecção por HIV, discutindo se é resultado de persistência viral crônica ou de terapia antirretroviral. Trata-se de uma revisão da literatura desenvolvida a partir de consulta a Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, utilizando os bancos de dados MEDLINE e LILACS. Os resultados mostraram que o vírus HIV tem o potencial de influenciar na senescência das células do sistema imunológico pela redução no número de linfócitos T CD4+, aumento de células T CD8+, encurtamento dos telômeros e baixa taxa de renovação pela deficiência na produção de seus precursores. Além disso, o tratamento com antirretrovirais também tem capacidade de acelerar a senescência das células do sistema imune, seja pela ação dos NRTIs sobre a enzima telomerase ou sobre a polimerase das mitocôndrias ou ainda produzindo estresse oxidativo. Portanto, as evidências sugerem que ambos os processos podem contribuir para o estabelecimento acelerado de um fenótipo inflamatório crônico de baixo grau resultando em uma remodelação imune precoce significativa na infecção por HIV.Research, Society and Development2020-08-31info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttps://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/743610.33448/rsd-v9i9.7436Research, Society and Development; Vol. 9 No. 9; e592997436Research, Society and Development; Vol. 9 Núm. 9; e592997436Research, Society and Development; v. 9 n. 9; e5929974362525-3409reponame:Research, Society and Developmentinstname:Universidade Federal de Itajubá (UNIFEI)instacron:UNIFEIporhttps://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/7436/6784Copyright (c) 2020 João Victor Cruz Meireles; Maysa de Vasconcelos Britohttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessMeireles, João Victor Cruz Brito, Maysa de Vasconcelos2020-09-18T01:42:11Zoai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/7436Revistahttps://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/indexPUBhttps://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/oairsd.articles@gmail.com2525-34092525-3409opendoar:2024-01-17T09:30:09.656524Research, Society and Development - Universidade Federal de Itajubá (UNIFEI)false
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Precocious immunosenescence in HIV infection: effect of chronic viral persistence or antirretroviral therapy?
Inmunosenescencia precoz en la infección por VIH: ¿efecto de la persistência viral crónica o de la terapia antirretroviral?
Imunossenescência precoce na infecção por HIV: efeito da persistência viral crônica ou da terapia antirretroviral?
title Precocious immunosenescence in HIV infection: effect of chronic viral persistence or antirretroviral therapy?
spellingShingle Precocious immunosenescence in HIV infection: effect of chronic viral persistence or antirretroviral therapy?
Meireles, João Victor Cruz
Imunossenescência
HIV
Envelhecimento
Terapia antirretroviral de alta atividade.
Inmunosenescencia
VIH
Envejecimiento
Terapia antirretroviral altamente activa.
Immunosenescence
HIV
Aging
Antiretroviral therapy highly.
title_short Precocious immunosenescence in HIV infection: effect of chronic viral persistence or antirretroviral therapy?
title_full Precocious immunosenescence in HIV infection: effect of chronic viral persistence or antirretroviral therapy?
title_fullStr Precocious immunosenescence in HIV infection: effect of chronic viral persistence or antirretroviral therapy?
title_full_unstemmed Precocious immunosenescence in HIV infection: effect of chronic viral persistence or antirretroviral therapy?
title_sort Precocious immunosenescence in HIV infection: effect of chronic viral persistence or antirretroviral therapy?
author Meireles, João Victor Cruz
author_facet Meireles, João Victor Cruz
Brito, Maysa de Vasconcelos
author_role author
author2 Brito, Maysa de Vasconcelos
author2_role author
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Meireles, João Victor Cruz
Brito, Maysa de Vasconcelos
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Imunossenescência
HIV
Envelhecimento
Terapia antirretroviral de alta atividade.
Inmunosenescencia
VIH
Envejecimiento
Terapia antirretroviral altamente activa.
Immunosenescence
HIV
Aging
Antiretroviral therapy highly.
topic Imunossenescência
HIV
Envelhecimento
Terapia antirretroviral de alta atividade.
Inmunosenescencia
VIH
Envejecimiento
Terapia antirretroviral altamente activa.
Immunosenescence
HIV
Aging
Antiretroviral therapy highly.
description Antiretroviral therapies have increased the life expectancy of people living with HIV, however a major concern is the increase in comorbidities,  such as cardiovascular, metabolic bone and neurodegenerative diseases, which are the result of an immunosensitivity phenomenon associated with the cellular aging of the system immunological, called immunossenescence. This article aims to analyze the main factors promoting this event in HIV infection, discussing whether it is the result of chronic viral persistence or antiretroviral therapy. This is a review of the literature developed from consultation with the Virtual Health Library, using the MEDLINE and LILACS databases. The results showed that the HIV virus has the potential to influence the senescence of immune cells by reducing the number of CD4+ T lymphocytes, increasing CD8+ T lymphocytes, with shorter telomeres, and with a low rate of renewal due to deficiency in the production of its precursors. In addition, treatment with antiretrovirals also has the ability to accelerate the senescence of immune cells, either by the action of NRTIs on the enzyme telomerase or on the polymerase of mitochondria or by producing oxidative stress. Therefore, the evidence suggests that both processes can contribute to the accelerated establishment of a low-grade chronic inflammatory phenotype resulting in significant early immune remodeling in HIV infection.
publishDate 2020
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2020-08-31
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/7436
10.33448/rsd-v9i9.7436
url https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/7436
identifier_str_mv 10.33448/rsd-v9i9.7436
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv por
language por
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/7436/6784
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv Copyright (c) 2020 João Victor Cruz Meireles; Maysa de Vasconcelos Brito
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv Copyright (c) 2020 João Victor Cruz Meireles; Maysa de Vasconcelos Brito
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Research, Society and Development
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Research, Society and Development
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Research, Society and Development; Vol. 9 No. 9; e592997436
Research, Society and Development; Vol. 9 Núm. 9; e592997436
Research, Society and Development; v. 9 n. 9; e592997436
2525-3409
reponame:Research, Society and Development
instname:Universidade Federal de Itajubá (UNIFEI)
instacron:UNIFEI
instname_str Universidade Federal de Itajubá (UNIFEI)
instacron_str UNIFEI
institution UNIFEI
reponame_str Research, Society and Development
collection Research, Society and Development
repository.name.fl_str_mv Research, Society and Development - Universidade Federal de Itajubá (UNIFEI)
repository.mail.fl_str_mv rsd.articles@gmail.com
_version_ 1797052803626041344