Gynecomasty: literature review and clinical aspects
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2021 |
Outros Autores: | |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Research, Society and Development |
Texto Completo: | https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/13684 |
Resumo: | Introduction: Gynecomastia is the benign development of the male breast. It has a physiological or pathological origin, as a consequence of an imbalance between the amounts of estrogen and androgen. It can generate discomfort, mastalgia, tenderness and enlargement of the breasts. Objectives: To carry out a literature review on the etiology of gynecomastia, its presentation characteristics and diagnosis. Method: A bibliographic survey was conducted based on an active search for scientific articles in the PubMed, Scielo and LILACS databases, with a time frame from 2015 to 2020. The research was carried out using the descriptors (DeCS) gynecomastia, etiology, diagnosis and breast. In the 3 databases, 79 articles were found. Of these, 12 were selected, which include the etiology of gynecomastia, presentation and evolution, in addition to the diagnosis. Articles that addressed pseudogynecomastia, the relationship between gynecomastia and the prognosis of patients with tumors, other breast lesions and adverse effects of drugs that cause gynecomastia were excluded. Results: The most affected age group is between 50 and 69 years old, with an incidence of 72%. The pubertal phase is the most prevalent of the physiological periods. In the senile period, contributions to gynecomastia come from hypogonadism, decreased testosterone concentration, altered LH and maintained estradiol values. Medical history and physical examination, with palpation of the breasts, are essential to establish the diagnosis. Conclusion: Gynecomastia is a benign condition. It is necessary to differentiate correctly between physiological and pathological. Individualized follow-up, with surgical indication in some cases, is essential to promote well-being and personal acceptance. |
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Gynecomasty: literature review and clinical aspectsGinecomastia: revisión de la literatura y aspectos clínicosGinecomastia: revisão de literatura e aspectos clínicosGinecomastiaEtiologiaDiagnósticoMama.GinecomastiaEtiologíaDiagnósticoMamá.GynecomastiaEtiologyDiagnosisBreast.Introduction: Gynecomastia is the benign development of the male breast. It has a physiological or pathological origin, as a consequence of an imbalance between the amounts of estrogen and androgen. It can generate discomfort, mastalgia, tenderness and enlargement of the breasts. Objectives: To carry out a literature review on the etiology of gynecomastia, its presentation characteristics and diagnosis. Method: A bibliographic survey was conducted based on an active search for scientific articles in the PubMed, Scielo and LILACS databases, with a time frame from 2015 to 2020. The research was carried out using the descriptors (DeCS) gynecomastia, etiology, diagnosis and breast. In the 3 databases, 79 articles were found. Of these, 12 were selected, which include the etiology of gynecomastia, presentation and evolution, in addition to the diagnosis. Articles that addressed pseudogynecomastia, the relationship between gynecomastia and the prognosis of patients with tumors, other breast lesions and adverse effects of drugs that cause gynecomastia were excluded. Results: The most affected age group is between 50 and 69 years old, with an incidence of 72%. The pubertal phase is the most prevalent of the physiological periods. In the senile period, contributions to gynecomastia come from hypogonadism, decreased testosterone concentration, altered LH and maintained estradiol values. Medical history and physical examination, with palpation of the breasts, are essential to establish the diagnosis. Conclusion: Gynecomastia is a benign condition. It is necessary to differentiate correctly between physiological and pathological. Individualized follow-up, with surgical indication in some cases, is essential to promote well-being and personal acceptance.Introducción: La ginecomastia es el desarrollo benigno de la mama masculina. Tiene un origen fisiológico o patológico, como consecuencia de un desequilibrio entre las cantidades de estrógenos y andrógenos. Puede generar malestar, mastalgia, sensibilidad y agrandamiento de las mamas. Objetivos: Realizar una revisión de la literatura sobre la etiología de la ginecomastia, sus características de presentación y diagnóstico. Método: Se realizó un levantamiento bibliográfico basado en una búsqueda activa de artículos científicos en las bases de datos PubMed, Scielo y LILACS, con el marco temporal de 2015 a 2020. La investigación se realizó utilizando los descriptores (DeCS) ginecomastia, etiología, diagnóstico y pecho. En las 3 bases de datos se encontraron 79 artículos. De estos, se seleccionaron 12, que incluyen la etiología de la ginecomastia, presentación y evolución, además del diagnóstico. Se excluyeron los artículos que abordaban la pseudoginecomastia, la relación entre la ginecomastia y el pronóstico de pacientes con tumores, otras lesiones mamarias y los efectos adversos de los fármacos que provocan ginecomastia. Resultados: el grupo de edad más afectado es el de 50 a 69 años, con una incidencia del 72%. La fase puberal es la más prevalente de los períodos fisiológicos. En el período senil, las contribuciones a la ginecomastia provienen del hipogonadismo, la disminución de la concentración de testosterona, la LH alterada y los valores de estradiol mantenidos. La historia clínica y la exploración física, con palpación de las mamas, son fundamentales para establecer el diagnóstico. Conclusión: la ginecomastia es una condición benigna. Es necesario diferenciar correctamente entre fisiológico y patológico. El seguimiento individualizado, con indicación quirúrgica en algunos casos, es fundamental para promover el bienestar y la aceptación personal.Introdução: A ginecomastia é o desenvolvimento benigno da mama masculina. Possui origem fisiológica ou patológica, como consequência de um desequilíbrio entre as quantidades de estrógeno e andrógeno. Pode gerar desconforto, mastalgia, sensibilidade e aumento das mamas. Objetivos: Realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a etiologia da ginecomastia, suas características de apresentação e seu diagnóstico. Método: Foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico a partir de busca ativa de artigos científicos nas bases de dados PubMed, Scielo e LILACS, com o recorte temporal de 2015 a 2020. A pesquisa foi feita utilizando os descritores (DeCS) gynecomastia, etiology, diagnosis e breast. Nas 3 bases de dados foram encontrados 79 artigos. Desses, foram selecionados 12, que incluem a etiologia da ginecomastia, apresentação e evolução, além do diagnóstico. Foram excluídos artigos que abordavam pseudoginecomastia, relação da ginecomastia com o prognóstico de pacientes com tumores, outras lesões mamárias e efeitos adversos de drogas que causam ginecomastia. Resultados: A faixa-etária mais acometida é entre 50 e 69 anos, com incidência de 72%. A fase puberal é a mais prevalente dos períodos fisiológicos. No período senil, as contribuições para ginecomastia provém do hipogonadismo, diminuição da concentração de testosterona, alteração de LH e valores do estradiol mantidos. A história médica e o exame físico, com a palpação das mamas, são fundamentais para estabelecer o diagnóstico. Conclusão: A ginecomastia é uma circunstância benigna. É necessário diferenciar corretamente entre fisiológica e patológica. O acompanhamento individualizado, com indicação cirúrgica em alguns casos, é essencial para promover bem-estar e aceitação pessoal.Research, Society and Development2021-03-30info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttps://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/1368410.33448/rsd-v10i4.13684Research, Society and Development; Vol. 10 No. 4; e4310413684Research, Society and Development; Vol. 10 Núm. 4; e4310413684Research, Society and Development; v. 10 n. 4; e43104136842525-3409reponame:Research, Society and Developmentinstname:Universidade Federal de Itajubá (UNIFEI)instacron:UNIFEIporhttps://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/13684/12400Copyright (c) 2021 Luiza La Porta Matos; Ana Lúcia Ravanello de Souzahttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessMatos, Luiza La Porta Souza, Ana Lúcia Ravanello de 2021-04-25T11:21:26Zoai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/13684Revistahttps://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/indexPUBhttps://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/oairsd.articles@gmail.com2525-34092525-3409opendoar:2024-01-17T09:34:58.305073Research, Society and Development - Universidade Federal de Itajubá (UNIFEI)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Gynecomasty: literature review and clinical aspects Ginecomastia: revisión de la literatura y aspectos clínicos Ginecomastia: revisão de literatura e aspectos clínicos |
title |
Gynecomasty: literature review and clinical aspects |
spellingShingle |
Gynecomasty: literature review and clinical aspects Matos, Luiza La Porta Ginecomastia Etiologia Diagnóstico Mama. Ginecomastia Etiología Diagnóstico Mamá. Gynecomastia Etiology Diagnosis Breast. |
title_short |
Gynecomasty: literature review and clinical aspects |
title_full |
Gynecomasty: literature review and clinical aspects |
title_fullStr |
Gynecomasty: literature review and clinical aspects |
title_full_unstemmed |
Gynecomasty: literature review and clinical aspects |
title_sort |
Gynecomasty: literature review and clinical aspects |
author |
Matos, Luiza La Porta |
author_facet |
Matos, Luiza La Porta Souza, Ana Lúcia Ravanello de |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Souza, Ana Lúcia Ravanello de |
author2_role |
author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Matos, Luiza La Porta Souza, Ana Lúcia Ravanello de |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Ginecomastia Etiologia Diagnóstico Mama. Ginecomastia Etiología Diagnóstico Mamá. Gynecomastia Etiology Diagnosis Breast. |
topic |
Ginecomastia Etiologia Diagnóstico Mama. Ginecomastia Etiología Diagnóstico Mamá. Gynecomastia Etiology Diagnosis Breast. |
description |
Introduction: Gynecomastia is the benign development of the male breast. It has a physiological or pathological origin, as a consequence of an imbalance between the amounts of estrogen and androgen. It can generate discomfort, mastalgia, tenderness and enlargement of the breasts. Objectives: To carry out a literature review on the etiology of gynecomastia, its presentation characteristics and diagnosis. Method: A bibliographic survey was conducted based on an active search for scientific articles in the PubMed, Scielo and LILACS databases, with a time frame from 2015 to 2020. The research was carried out using the descriptors (DeCS) gynecomastia, etiology, diagnosis and breast. In the 3 databases, 79 articles were found. Of these, 12 were selected, which include the etiology of gynecomastia, presentation and evolution, in addition to the diagnosis. Articles that addressed pseudogynecomastia, the relationship between gynecomastia and the prognosis of patients with tumors, other breast lesions and adverse effects of drugs that cause gynecomastia were excluded. Results: The most affected age group is between 50 and 69 years old, with an incidence of 72%. The pubertal phase is the most prevalent of the physiological periods. In the senile period, contributions to gynecomastia come from hypogonadism, decreased testosterone concentration, altered LH and maintained estradiol values. Medical history and physical examination, with palpation of the breasts, are essential to establish the diagnosis. Conclusion: Gynecomastia is a benign condition. It is necessary to differentiate correctly between physiological and pathological. Individualized follow-up, with surgical indication in some cases, is essential to promote well-being and personal acceptance. |
publishDate |
2021 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-03-30 |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/13684 10.33448/rsd-v10i4.13684 |
url |
https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/13684 |
identifier_str_mv |
10.33448/rsd-v10i4.13684 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/13684/12400 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
Copyright (c) 2021 Luiza La Porta Matos; Ana Lúcia Ravanello de Souza https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Copyright (c) 2021 Luiza La Porta Matos; Ana Lúcia Ravanello de Souza https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Research, Society and Development |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Research, Society and Development |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Research, Society and Development; Vol. 10 No. 4; e4310413684 Research, Society and Development; Vol. 10 Núm. 4; e4310413684 Research, Society and Development; v. 10 n. 4; e4310413684 2525-3409 reponame:Research, Society and Development instname:Universidade Federal de Itajubá (UNIFEI) instacron:UNIFEI |
instname_str |
Universidade Federal de Itajubá (UNIFEI) |
instacron_str |
UNIFEI |
institution |
UNIFEI |
reponame_str |
Research, Society and Development |
collection |
Research, Society and Development |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Research, Society and Development - Universidade Federal de Itajubá (UNIFEI) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
rsd.articles@gmail.com |
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1797052747092066304 |