The Illegal Migration Experiences of Returnees to Omo Nada District, Jimma Zone, Oromia National Regional State, South West Ethiopia
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2019 |
Outros Autores: | |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Research, Society and Development |
Texto Completo: | https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/1243 |
Resumo: | Despite the fact that the illegal migration experiences of the returnees are important to design effective programs to reintegrate them into the community, there is scanty of information for the returnees to Omo Nada district. The purpose of this study is to investigate the physical, economic and social abuse and exploitation faced by the returnees en route and in the place of destination. To this end, in-depth interviews, key informant interviews and focus group discussions were undertaken to collect qualitative data required for the study. The data was transcribed and analyzed thematically. The results of the findings showed that the migrants were physically exhausted en route with hunger and thirst, subjected to physical abuse such as insults, beating, slapping, kicking, and bodily burn from the smugglers. Injuries inflicted included bodily wounds, broken limbs and ribs. In addition to the physical abuse, the smugglers and traffickers robbed, and exploited migrants economically charging them for extra services at different transit points. This in turn made the migrants ended in debt bondage. Women became subject to sexual abuse by smugglers and by employers. The abuse continued in the country of destination by employers themselves. Economic exploitation took the form of long working hours with little rest, difficult workloads, reduced pay or wages withheld altogether. Punishment was particularly harsh for those with few or no skills. In addition, the situation deprived the study participants from getting sufficient or healthy food and theircommunication with their families left behind in the home country was restricted. Women, usually domestic workers, had been subject to sexual abuse by employers and their families. |
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The Illegal Migration Experiences of Returnees to Omo Nada District, Jimma Zone, Oromia National Regional State, South West EthiopiaLas experiencias de migración ilegal de los retornados al distrito de Omo Nada, la zona de Jimma, el estado regional nacional de Oromia, el suroeste de EtiopíaExperiências de Migração Ilegal de Retornados para o Distrito de Omo Nada, Zona Jimma, Estado Regional Nacional de Oromia, Sudoeste da Etiópiaillegal migrationreturneesabuseexploitation Omo Nadamigração ilegalretornadosabusoexploração Omo Nadamigración ilegalretornadosabusoexplotación Omo NadaDespite the fact that the illegal migration experiences of the returnees are important to design effective programs to reintegrate them into the community, there is scanty of information for the returnees to Omo Nada district. The purpose of this study is to investigate the physical, economic and social abuse and exploitation faced by the returnees en route and in the place of destination. To this end, in-depth interviews, key informant interviews and focus group discussions were undertaken to collect qualitative data required for the study. The data was transcribed and analyzed thematically. The results of the findings showed that the migrants were physically exhausted en route with hunger and thirst, subjected to physical abuse such as insults, beating, slapping, kicking, and bodily burn from the smugglers. Injuries inflicted included bodily wounds, broken limbs and ribs. In addition to the physical abuse, the smugglers and traffickers robbed, and exploited migrants economically charging them for extra services at different transit points. This in turn made the migrants ended in debt bondage. Women became subject to sexual abuse by smugglers and by employers. The abuse continued in the country of destination by employers themselves. Economic exploitation took the form of long working hours with little rest, difficult workloads, reduced pay or wages withheld altogether. Punishment was particularly harsh for those with few or no skills. In addition, the situation deprived the study participants from getting sufficient or healthy food and theircommunication with their families left behind in the home country was restricted. Women, usually domestic workers, had been subject to sexual abuse by employers and their families.A pesar del hecho de que las experiencias de migración ilegal de los retornados son importantes para diseñar programas efectivos para reintegrarlos a la comunidad, existe poca información para los retornados al distrito de Omo Nada. El propósito de este estudio es investigar el abuso físico, económico y social y la explotación que enfrentan los retornados en el camino y en el lugar de destino. Con este fin, se llevaron a cabo entrevistas en profundidad, entrevistas con informantes clave y grupos de discusión para recopilar datos cualitativos necesarios para el estudio. Los datos fueron transcritos y analizados temáticamente. Los resultados de los hallazgos mostraron que los migrantes estaban físicamente exhaustos en el camino con hambre y sed, sometidos a abusos físicos como insultos, golpes, bofetadas, patadas y quemaduras corporales por parte de los traficantes. Las lesiones infligidas incluyeron heridas corporales, extremidades y costillas rotas. Además del abuso físico, los traficantes y traficantes robaron y explotaron a los migrantes que les cobran económicamente por servicios adicionales en diferentes puntos de tránsito. Esto a su vez hizo que los migrantes terminaran en la servidumbre por deudas. Las mujeres fueron objeto de abuso sexual por parte de contrabandistas y empleadores. El abuso continuó en el país de destino por parte de los propios empleadores. La explotación económica tomó la forma de largas horas de trabajo con poco descanso, cargas de trabajo difíciles, salarios reducidos o salarios retenidos por completo. El castigo fue particularmente duro para aquellos con pocas o ninguna habilidad. Además, la situación privó a los participantes del estudio de obtener alimentos suficientes o saludables y se restringió su comunicación con sus familias que quedaron en el país de origen. Las mujeres, generalmente trabajadoras domésticas, habían sido objeto de abuso sexual por parte de los empleadores y sus familias.Apesar do fato de que as experiências de migração ilegal dos retornados são importantes para projetar programas efetivos para reintegrá-los à comunidade, há escassa informação para os retornados ao distrito de Omo Nada. O objetivo deste estudo é investigar o abuso e a exploração física, econômica e social enfrentados pelos retornados em trânsito e no local de destino. Para este fim, entrevistas em profundidade, entrevistas com informantes-chave e discussões em grupo foram realizadas para coletar dados qualitativos necessários para o estudo. Os dados foram transcritos e analisados por temas. Os resultados das descobertas mostraram que os migrantes estavam fisicamente exaustos no caminho com fome e sede, sujeitos a abusos físicos como insultos, espancamentos, tapa, chutes e queimaduras corporais dos contrabandistas. Lesões infligidas incluíam feridas corporais, membros quebrados e costelas. Além do abuso físico, os contrabandistas e traficantes roubavam e exploravam os migrantes economicamente, cobrando-os por serviços extras em diferentes pontos de trânsito. Isso, por sua vez, fez com que os migrantes terminassem em servidão por dívida. As mulheres ficaram sujeitas a abuso sexual por contrabandistas e empregadores. O abuso continuou no país de destino pelos próprios empregadores. A exploração econômica assumiu a forma de longas jornadas de trabalho com pouco descanso, cargas de trabalho difíceis, salários reduzidos ou salários totalmente retidos. A punição foi particularmente dura para aqueles com pouca ou nenhuma habilidade. Além disso, a situação privou os participantes do estudo de obter alimentos suficientes ou saudáveis, e sua comunicação com as famílias deixadas no país de origem foi restrita. As mulheres, geralmente domésticas, foram vítimas de abuso sexual por empregadores e suas famílias.Research, Society and Development2019-08-23info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttps://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/124310.33448/rsd-v8i10.1243Research, Society and Development; Vol. 8 No. 10; e148101243Research, Society and Development; Vol. 8 Núm. 10; e148101243Research, Society and Development; v. 8 n. 10; e1481012432525-3409reponame:Research, Society and Developmentinstname:Universidade Federal de Itajubá (UNIFEI)instacron:UNIFEIenghttps://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/1243/1093Copyright (c) 2019 Gudina Abashula Fojoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessFojo, Gudina AbashulaAlalis, Carol2020-03-25T16:06:50Zoai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/1243Revistahttps://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/indexPUBhttps://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/oairsd.articles@gmail.com2525-34092525-3409opendoar:2024-01-17T09:26:21.557612Research, Society and Development - Universidade Federal de Itajubá (UNIFEI)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
The Illegal Migration Experiences of Returnees to Omo Nada District, Jimma Zone, Oromia National Regional State, South West Ethiopia Las experiencias de migración ilegal de los retornados al distrito de Omo Nada, la zona de Jimma, el estado regional nacional de Oromia, el suroeste de Etiopía Experiências de Migração Ilegal de Retornados para o Distrito de Omo Nada, Zona Jimma, Estado Regional Nacional de Oromia, Sudoeste da Etiópia |
title |
The Illegal Migration Experiences of Returnees to Omo Nada District, Jimma Zone, Oromia National Regional State, South West Ethiopia |
spellingShingle |
The Illegal Migration Experiences of Returnees to Omo Nada District, Jimma Zone, Oromia National Regional State, South West Ethiopia Fojo, Gudina Abashula illegal migration returnees abuse exploitation Omo Nada migração ilegal retornados abuso exploração Omo Nada migración ilegal retornados abuso explotación Omo Nada |
title_short |
The Illegal Migration Experiences of Returnees to Omo Nada District, Jimma Zone, Oromia National Regional State, South West Ethiopia |
title_full |
The Illegal Migration Experiences of Returnees to Omo Nada District, Jimma Zone, Oromia National Regional State, South West Ethiopia |
title_fullStr |
The Illegal Migration Experiences of Returnees to Omo Nada District, Jimma Zone, Oromia National Regional State, South West Ethiopia |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Illegal Migration Experiences of Returnees to Omo Nada District, Jimma Zone, Oromia National Regional State, South West Ethiopia |
title_sort |
The Illegal Migration Experiences of Returnees to Omo Nada District, Jimma Zone, Oromia National Regional State, South West Ethiopia |
author |
Fojo, Gudina Abashula |
author_facet |
Fojo, Gudina Abashula Alalis, Carol |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Alalis, Carol |
author2_role |
author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Fojo, Gudina Abashula Alalis, Carol |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
illegal migration returnees abuse exploitation Omo Nada migração ilegal retornados abuso exploração Omo Nada migración ilegal retornados abuso explotación Omo Nada |
topic |
illegal migration returnees abuse exploitation Omo Nada migração ilegal retornados abuso exploração Omo Nada migración ilegal retornados abuso explotación Omo Nada |
description |
Despite the fact that the illegal migration experiences of the returnees are important to design effective programs to reintegrate them into the community, there is scanty of information for the returnees to Omo Nada district. The purpose of this study is to investigate the physical, economic and social abuse and exploitation faced by the returnees en route and in the place of destination. To this end, in-depth interviews, key informant interviews and focus group discussions were undertaken to collect qualitative data required for the study. The data was transcribed and analyzed thematically. The results of the findings showed that the migrants were physically exhausted en route with hunger and thirst, subjected to physical abuse such as insults, beating, slapping, kicking, and bodily burn from the smugglers. Injuries inflicted included bodily wounds, broken limbs and ribs. In addition to the physical abuse, the smugglers and traffickers robbed, and exploited migrants economically charging them for extra services at different transit points. This in turn made the migrants ended in debt bondage. Women became subject to sexual abuse by smugglers and by employers. The abuse continued in the country of destination by employers themselves. Economic exploitation took the form of long working hours with little rest, difficult workloads, reduced pay or wages withheld altogether. Punishment was particularly harsh for those with few or no skills. In addition, the situation deprived the study participants from getting sufficient or healthy food and theircommunication with their families left behind in the home country was restricted. Women, usually domestic workers, had been subject to sexual abuse by employers and their families. |
publishDate |
2019 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2019-08-23 |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/1243 10.33448/rsd-v8i10.1243 |
url |
https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/1243 |
identifier_str_mv |
10.33448/rsd-v8i10.1243 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/1243/1093 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
Copyright (c) 2019 Gudina Abashula Fojo info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Copyright (c) 2019 Gudina Abashula Fojo |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Research, Society and Development |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Research, Society and Development |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Research, Society and Development; Vol. 8 No. 10; e148101243 Research, Society and Development; Vol. 8 Núm. 10; e148101243 Research, Society and Development; v. 8 n. 10; e148101243 2525-3409 reponame:Research, Society and Development instname:Universidade Federal de Itajubá (UNIFEI) instacron:UNIFEI |
instname_str |
Universidade Federal de Itajubá (UNIFEI) |
instacron_str |
UNIFEI |
institution |
UNIFEI |
reponame_str |
Research, Society and Development |
collection |
Research, Society and Development |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Research, Society and Development - Universidade Federal de Itajubá (UNIFEI) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
rsd.articles@gmail.com |
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1797052733461626880 |